Fichas
Coastal Test Revision
Fichas del conjunto (25)
- 17 key geographical concepts(SCEPSIS)
1. Space
2. Change
3.Environment
4. Place
5. Scale
6. Interconnections
7. Sustainability - 2Weathering definitionIt is the physical or chemical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces
- 3Physical WeatheringPhysical weathering occurs when rocks are broken into smaller pieces by:
1. Temperature changes (common in deserts)
2. Freeze thaw action (common in mountains)
3. Tree and plant roots - 4Chemical WeatheringChemical weathering occurs when there is a chemical change in a rock material that causes it to break down e.g.
1. Oxidation – rocks that contain iron
2. Acid from rain - 5Erosion DefinitionA process that breaks down a material and then carries away the broken down products.
- 6Types of Erosion - AttritionWhen waves cause rocks and pebbles on the shore to rub against each other and break down and become smaller and smoother.
- 7Types of erosion - Hydraulic ActionWaves hitting the cliffs force trapped air into cracks. When the wave breaks, the air becomes compressed, weakening the cliff and causing erosion.
- 8Types of Erosion - SolutionSea water chemically dissolves the cliff.
- 9Types of Erosion - Abrasion (Corrasion)Waves bring with them bits of rock and sand. These are bashed against the cliff, breaking it apart.
- 10Erosional features - CAVEOccurs when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face. The water contains sand and other materials which grind away at the rock until the cracks become a cave.
- 11Erosional features - ARCHIf the cave is formed in a headland (a narrow piece of land that projects from a coastline into the sea), it may break through the other side, forming an arch.
- 12Erosional features - STACKThe arch will become bigger, gradually until it can't support the top of the arch. When the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side and a stack on the other.
- 13Erosional features - STUMPWhen the stack is attacked at the base the same way as a wave-cut platform is formed, the structure weakens and will collapse to form a stump.
- 14Erosional features - HEADLANDFormed when the sea attacks the section of the coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock. When the bands of soft rock erode, a section of land, that is jutting out to sea, is left.
- 15Erosional features - BAYFormed when the sea attacks the section of the coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock. The areas where the soft rock have eroded away next to the headlands are called bays.
- 16Erosional features - WAVE-CUT PLATFORMSWhen the backwash carries the rubble towards the sea, wave-cut platform is formed.
- 17Depositional Features - SPITThe formation of a spit begins due to a change in direction of a coastline
- 18Depositional features - BARSAre created where a spit grows across a bay, joining two headlands
- 19Depositional features - TOMBOLOAre formed where a spit continues to grow outwards joining land to an offshore island
- 20BermsAre built up from constructive waves and form ridges along the beach
- 21Formation of beaches- Beaches are made up of loose material
- Sand is continuously being deposited and eroded by waves
- Beaches only form in protected areas with a good supply of sand - 22Coastal protection strategies - RIP RAP WALLSAre designed to dissipate wave energy and to trap sand. They cost $2200 per meter (sea walls)
- 23Coastal protection strategies - SAND DRIFT FENCINGDrift fencing is used to trap sand and consolidate a sand dune system. In a healthy natural environment vegetation would act as a sand stabiliser and dune builder as it traps wind blown sand.
- 24Coastal protection strategies - SEAWALLSSeawalls are massive concrete structures emplaced along a considerable stretch of shoreline at urban beaches. It began being used in Adelaide during the 1960's.
- 25Coastal protection strategies - GROYNES (BREAKWATER)Is a wall or jetty built out from a riverbank or seashore to control erosion. $500,000 or $2500 per meter.
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- Descripción
- Fichas sobre Coastal Test Revision, creado por Reema M el 08/11/2015.
- Creado por
- Reema M
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