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- 1What was the festival of britain?A celebration of British industry, arts and science and inspiring the thought of a better Britain.
- 2Why was day-to-day government often in the hands of Anthony Eden rather than the Prime Minister Winston Churchill in the period 1951-1955?Churchill spent more time abroad meeting world leaders so no new conflict would break out. As he was absent, Eden was acting PM.
- 3Why did Churchill choose Butler as the Chancellor of the Exchequer?He believed Butler would work well with Parliament and the trade unions and avoid any social and industrial conflict.
- 4Why were some members of the Conservative Party ‘voicing disquiet’ about Eden when he was Prime Minister?Eden had a lack of experience and interest in domestic affairs.
- 5How did the Suez Crisis cause problems for the Conservative Party?Colonial minister resigned.
Rebellion by 40 CON MPs.
America was able to assert authority over Britain.
Eden resigned.
Britain lost influence over Middle-East.
Britain’s influence as a colonial and imperial power decreased - 6Why did the Conservatives win the 1959 election?Opposition to Clause IV.
Accepted reforms (NHS / Welfare State)
Manifesto promises to stabilise living costs and double living standard.
Labour divisions.
Manual workers started to consider themselves as middle class so Labour policies for the unemployed and working class no longer appealed to them. - 7What is the meaning of welfare state?The state plays a key role in the protecting and promoting the economic and social well-being of its citizens.
- 8What were the Conservative Governments’ policies in the fields of housing, education and social reform?Promise to build 300000 houses/yr.
Continued the tripartite system - grammar, secondary, and technical schools.
11+ tests.
Clean Air Act 1956 - prevent smog. - 9What were the internal divisions in the Labour Party about?Ageing leaders.
Gaitskell-Bevan split.
Defeat in the 1959 election.
Many left wingers in the Labour party joined the CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament) which may have turned some voters away from Labour in 1959.
Trade unions challenged Labour leadership.
Opposition to Clause IV for nationalisation of the Labour party. - 10What were the key reasons for the Conservatives’ fall from power in 1964?People thought Labour could deliver affluence more effectively.
EEC application rejected.
Night of the long knives’ - sacked 1/3 of Cabinet - lack of unity and direction within the party.
Profumo Affair - 11What 3 episodes had shaped Britain by 1951?Great Depression - Mass unemployment.
WW2.
Welfare State. - 12What were the characteristics of the 'post-war boom'?Food rationing ended.
Increase in birth rate.
Increase in oversees trade.
Full employment by 1955.
Rising wages.
'Give away budget' provided middle class with £134m tax cuts.
Growth in consumerism. - 13Why was the real economic picture not as positive as the growth in affluence suggested?Inflation increased.
Difficult to persuade TU that their members should not have + wage.
Balance of payments crises - Stop-go economics (+ interest and wage freezes).
Run on the £ (fall in £ value in currency markets. - 14Why did Thorneycroft resign as chancellor?When he proposed deflation measures he was opposed by PM.
Raise Bank Rate to 7%.
Reduce following year's expenditure to £153m) - 15What was the probable key factor in Macmillan's elected victory in 1959?April budget provided £370m tax cuts.
Avg. pay for industrial workers increased 20% since 1951. - 16What was the Beeching Report?It was published as part of a review into cutting public expenditure. It recommended massive cuts in Britain's rail network.
- 17What was the impact of Maudling putting the economy in the 'go' phase?It reduced Bank Rate to encourage consumer spending.
Britain's growth rate rose from 4% to 6% 1963-64. - 18What were the key indicators of affluence and consumerism in this period?Rise in ownership of goods - TV, Washing machine, refrigerators.
The advertising industry.
New leisure opportunities - Butlins.
TV ownership rose by 32%. - 19In what ways did attitudes towards the Establishment change by 1964?CND encouraged people to challenge authority.
Britain less willing to follow Establishment.
Critics believed Britain was held back by its ruling elite.
'Angry Young Men' attacked the behaviour and attitude of the Establishment. - 20How much had the position of women in Britain changed by 1964?Number of women working rose (Women paid less than men ; Women anxious to buy latest gadgets).
TU tended not to support women working as they believed it would lower wages.
People believed it was damaging for children if their mothers worked.
'Equal pay for Teachers' 1954.
Washing machines and refrigerators improved women's lives at home. - 21What impact did the arrival of Commonwealth immigrants have on British Society?Racism increased.
Notting Hill riots.
For some there was a general feeling of tolerance and 'getting along'.
1962 Commonwealth Immigrations Act limited entries into UK. - 22Why was there an emergence of teenagers with a distinctive youth culture in years 1951-64?New Labour-saving devices meant girls don't need to help mothers at home.
Boys no longer forced in National Service.
New fashion.
New music - Rock and Roll / Elvis Presley.
Magazines / TV programmes aimed at this group.
Technology helped spread this culture, e.g. Transistor radio. - 23How did changing social attitudes cause tensions?There was a drive to break censorship and social taboos (bans).
Decency in society was undermined.
Film and TV programmes portrayed gang violence.
TV programmes raised controversy about social issues.
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