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Tute 4
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- 1How large is the influenza virus?100-200nm
- 2is the influenza virus enveloped or non-enveloped?enveloped
- 3what type of genome does the influenza virus contain?8 ssRNA (-)
- 4what is the primary site of infection of the influenza virus?respiratory tract
- 5how are secondary pneumonias caused in influenza?viral replication leads to desquamation of the epithelium which then allows bacteria access into the respiratory tract
- 6which interferon system is involved in viral elimination?interferon 1:
IFNalpha - secreted by leukocytes
IFNbeta - secreted by fibroblasts - 7what are the four main symptoms of influenza?fever
headache
coughing
malaise - 8which family does the influenza virus belong to?orthomoxyviridae
- 9what species to influenza A,B and C infect?a- humans and mammals
b- humans and seals
c- humans and pigs - 10how are the different influenza types identified?by their antigenic properties of NA and HA
- 11What is HA involved in?Host cell entry and endosomal fusion of the influenza viral replication cycle
- 12what is NA involved in?host cell exit and the cleavage of sugar residues in mucus to reach the epithelium
- 13is the polio virus enveloped or non-enveloped?non-enveloped - has a capsid instead
- 14what type of genome does polio have?single segment ssRNA (+) genome
- 15what is the function of the polio capsid?protect the genome
- 16how many types of polio serotypes are they and how are they distinguished?3 - different capsid proteins
- 17What family and sub family does polio belong to?family - picorna (small virus)
sub family - enterovirus - 18what is the primary site of infection of polio?the GI tract
- 19what are M cells?Cells that release Ag's into the lymph tissue across the epithelium at the terminal part of the small intestine
- 20how is polio transmitted?through ingestion of contaminated food and water
- 21what shape is the polio virus?icosahedral (20 triangular faces)
- 22which neurons does polio preferentially affect?motor
- 23what SA linkages are found in humans and avian?alpha2,3 - avian
alpha2,6 - humans - 24what proteins are required to transport influenza vRNP's into the nucleus?importins alpha and beta
- 25what is a 5'cap structure?modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the 5' side of mRNA by a 5'-5' triphosphate bond
essential for ribosomal recognition and protection from RNAses - 26what are the 3 nuclear export proteins involved in the replication of influenza?Crm1
NEP
M1 - 27what is an m2 ion channel inhibitor?amantadine
- 28what is an NA inhibitor?Zanamavir
- 29what is the host cell polio virus receptor?CD155
- 30what 2 mechanisms does the polio virus have for translation?IRES - internal ribosomal entry site which directs translation (instead of 5'cap)
P2A protein which stops host translation by removing the 5'cap of host DNA - 31how is the polio genome translated?as one long polypeptide which is autocleaved by internal proteases into individual viral proteins
- 32how does the influenza DNA polymerase contribute to the high mutation rate of influenza?it has no proof reading activity which makes it prone to error
- 33what is antigenic drift?gradual changes in the antigenic makeup of a circulating virus due to a small number of amino acid changes in the HA and NA
leads to epidemics - 34what is antigenic shift?a major change in the antigenicity of a virus due to the attainment of a new gene for the HA from an avian species
results in pandemics - 35where are influenza vaccines grown?in embryonated chicken eggs
- 36how is the influenza live attenuated vaccine grown?at sub physiological temperature so that it replicates poorly in humans
- 37what type of immunity does the live attenuated influenza vaccine stimulate?humoral and cellular
- 38what type of immunity does the inactivated vaccine for influenza induce?humoral
- 39how many different possibilities re they when reassortment occurs in a swine co-infected with an avian and human influenza virus?256
- 40how is the inactivated polio vaccine grown?on monkey kidney tissue culture and deactivated by formaldehyde
- 41how is OPV grown?on monkey kidney tissue culture grown at subphysiological temperature
- 42which vaccine stimulates intestinal immunity best?OPV
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- Immunology and Microbiology Fichas sobre Tute 4, creado por jessica.neilan el 30/12/2013.
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