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Chapter 33 Intervebrates
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- 11. When did Flight evolved in pterosaurs and birds? 2. When did large mammalian herbivores and carnivores arise? 3. When did fish became the top predators in marine food webs?1. Mesozoic Era
2. Cenozoic Era
3. Silurian and Devonian periods - 2Clade Bilateria: what type of tissue development?Triploblastic
- 3Phylum Platyhelminthes 1. What clade is it in? 2. Give examples1. Platyhelminthes
2. Acoelomates, has gastro-vascular cavity. ex- flatworms,
-flukes and tape worms(parasites) - 4Phylum Platyhelminthes Characteristics1. Triploblastic but are acoelomates, and lack an actual body cavity (has gastrovascular cavities)
2. Dorsoventrally flattened bodies, which enables gas exchange and eliminates nitrogen waste(ammonia) by diffusion - 51. Rhabditophorans 2. Name the most well known of this group1.Group in flatworm lineage that feed as predators and scavengers
2. Freshwater species in genus Dugesia, called Planarians - 6Describe movement of 2 types of Rhabditophorans1. Planarians use their cilia on their ventral surface, gliding along mucus they secrete
2. Some other Rhabditophorans use muscles to swim through water with an undulating motion - 7Describe the nervous system of cnidariansThey have a "nerve net"
- 8Describe anatomy and physiology of planarians1. They have a head with eyespots to detect light and lateral flaps for smell
2. Central nervous system is more complex than the nerve net of cnidarians/ they can learn to modify their responses to stimuli - 9Describe reproduction of planarians1. asexual: through regeneration
2. sexual: they are hermaphrodites. They cross fertilize each other - 10The blood fluke "Schistosoma" which causes pain anemia and dysentery1. immediate host cell is snail
2. They mimic their hosts' surface proteins by creating a partial immunological camouflage. - 11Rotifers-smaller than many protists, but are multicellular and have specialized organ systems
-internal organs in Pseudocoelom
-fluid in Pseudocoelom act as hydrostatic skeleton - 12Alimentary CanalA digestive tract with a separate mouth and anus
- 13"Rotifer" = wheel bearer refers torefers to the crown of cilia that draws a vortex of water into the mouth
- 14ParthenogenesisA form of reproduction in some rotifers that exist only has females from unfertilized eggs.
- 15Bilaterians in the phyla Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda are known as ________Lophophorates
- 16LophophoreIn Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda, it's a crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth. It draws water toward mouth and the tentacles trap and suspend food particles.
- 17Name the coeloms in 1. Rotifers 2. Flatworms 3. Lophophorates1. Pseudocoelom
2. Acoelomate
3. True Coelom - 18Name the phyla known as Lophophorates, and list 3 similaritiesEctoprocta and Brachiopoda
1. Have U-shaped digestive tract
2. No distinct head (may be adaptations to a sessile existence)
3. Have true coeloms - 19List 6 species in the phylum Mollusca. List a basic characteristic of Mollusca body structure.1. Snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopus and squids.
2. Soft-bodied, and most secrete a hard shell of calcium carbonate
-Slugs, Squids, and Oct. have reduced internal shell or lost it all together - 20Describe body plan of Phylum Mollusca and the 3 main parts1. Coelomates
2. Three main parts: Foot, Visceral mass, and a Mantle - 21Describe the 3 main body parts of the phylum Mollusca1. Foot: a muscular foot used for movement
2. Visceral Mass: contains most of internal organs
3. Mantle: a fold of tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and secretes the shell - 221. Mantle Cavity 2. Radula 3. Describe sexes for Molluscs1.Water filled chamber which holds the gills, anus and excretory pores
2. Strap-like rasping organ to scrape food
3. Sep. sexes with gonads in visceral mass *BUT MANY SNAILS ARE HERMAPHRODITES* - 234 Members of Clade Bivalvia and description of body parts1. Clams, Oysters, Mussels, Scallops
2. Shells divided in half, hinged at middorsal line&powerful adductor muscles close shell tightly to protect
-no distinct head or radula
-some have eyes and sensory tentacles along outer edge of mantle - 241. Mantle Cavity of Clade Bivalvia 2. Describe eating for this clade1. Contains gills used for feeding and gas exchange
2. Suspension feeders, trap particles in mucus that coats their gills w cilia
*water flows into mantle cavity via incurrent siphon, passes over gills, leaves via excurrent siphon - 25Most Bivalves are Sedentary. Explain movement in Mussels, Clams and Scallops1. Mussels: secrete strong threads to tether them to rocks, boat, etc
2. Clams: pull themselves into sand/mud using muscular foot as ankle
3. Scallops: swim in short bursts by flapping shells - 26Cephalopods (describe evolution of muscular foot)are active marine predators that use their tentacles to grasp prey, which they bite with their beak-like jaws and immobilize with poison in their saliva
-feet have been modified into a muscular excurrent siphon& part of tentacles - 27What's special about the cephalopods in relation to the Phylum Mollusca? What species of shelled cephalopods survives today?1. They are the only one with a closed circulatory system, well developed sensory organs and a complex brain
2. Chambers Nautiluses - 28AmmonitesShelled cephalopods who were dominant invertebrate predators for hundreds of millions of years until their disappearance in the mass extinctions at the end of cretaceous period (Molluscs are the animal group with largest number of documented extinctions)
- 29What are the two largest, most abundant, and successful phyla in the Ecdysozoans?Arthropods and Nematodes
- 30Nematodes (aka Roundworms) Clade Ecdysozoan*Not segmented
*Tough external skeleton called CUTICLE
*Pseudocoelomate
*Alimentary tract
*No circulatory system
*sexually reproduce - 31What are the 3 key features to the success of Arthropods?1. Body segmentation
2. Hard exoskeleton
3. Joint appendages - 32Describe circulatory system of arthropodsOpen circulatory system (evolved convergent with Molluscs)
Hemolymph fluid goes through arteries into sinuses surrounding tissues and organs - 33Arthropods gas exchangeMost aquatic species have gills with feathery extensions.
Terrestrial insects have tracheal systems, branched air ducts - 34Tissue mode of development of Echinoderm and ChordatesDeuterostomes (radial cleavage and the formation of anus from blastopore)
- 35Name two special things about Phylum Echinodermata and give an example*have water vascular system and secondary radial symmetry
*include starfish - 36ScolexPlays a role in the attachment of a tapeworm to a host. Is connected to the proglottids of tapeworms
- 37ProglottidsSac of sex organs in tapeworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
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- Describes vocabulary for embryo development in animals
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- Aleesha Mayo · oct 2016
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- Creado por Aleesha Mayo · 13 oct 2016
- Copiado por Aleesha Mayo · 14 oct 2016
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