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Chapter 6 - Mood Disorders
Fichas del conjunto (31)
- 1Major Depressive Episode- extremely depressed mood lasting at least 2 weeks
- cognitive symptoms
- disturbed physical functioning
- anhedonia - 2Manic Episode- extreme elation, euphoria, and hyperactivity
- lasts at least 1 week, impairment - 3Mania Hallmarks- sexual promiscuity
- spending sprees
- delusions of grandeur - 4Mania 'Light' - Hypomanic Episode- period of elevated mood lasting at least 4 days, NOT severe enough to cause impairment in normal functioning
- 5Major Depression- single episode - high unusual
- recurrent episodes - more common
- grief & depression - should grief be a part of MDD - 6Dysthymia / Persistent Depressive Disorder- 'milder' than major depression
- persists for at least 2 years
- no more than 2 months symptom free
- related to depression? - 7Bipolar I- alternations between full manic episodes and depressive episodes
- 8Bipolar II- alternations between major depressive and hypomanic episodes
- 10 - 25% of cases progress to bipolar I
- key: less severe manic episodes - 9Mixed Episode- manic and depressive episodes nearly every day for at least 1 week
- causes impairment in normal functioning - 10Cyclothymic Disorder- involves hypomanic episodes along with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode
- 11Prevalence of Mood Disorders- no gender gap in bipolar disorder
- as it is genetic - 12Life Span Developmental Influences on Mood Disorders- often misdiagnosed as ADHD
- children were being diagnosed with bipolar at high rates, now 'disruptive mood dysregulation disorder' - 13Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder- in majority of menstrual cycles, at least five mood disorder symptoms (feeling suddenly sad or angry)
- new to the DSM - 14Familial and Genetic Influences- family studies: severe mood disorders - genetic contribution
- neurotransmitter systems: low levels of serotonin, permissive hypothesis (fall in serotonin causes fall in norepinephrine) - 15Neurobiological Influences- sleep disturbance
- hallmark of most mood disorders
- relation between depression and sleep - 16Psychological Dimensions (Stress)- stressful life events
- stress is strongly related to mood disorders
- reciprocal-gene environment model: depressed/predisposed - go into environments that may worsen/reinforce the depression (do certain things that end up making it worse) - 17Psychological Dimensions (Cognitive Theory)- cognitive errors
- depressive cognitive triad: think negatively about oneself, think negatively about the world, think negatively about the future - 18Psychological Dimensions (Learned Helplessness)- learned helplessness theory of depression - lack of perceived control over life events
- a depressive attributional style: internal attributions, stable attributions, global attribution - 19Types of Cognitive Errors- arbitrary inference: overemphasise the negative
- overgeneralisation: negatives apply to all situations - 20Social and Cultural Dimensions- marital dimensions: marital dissatisfaction strongly related to depression, particularly in males
- mood disorders in women: 70% of major depression and dysthymia are women, women ruminate more than men
- social support predicts onset/recovery from depression - 21Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)- block reuptake of serotonin: Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- negative side effects are common - 22Tricyclic Antidepressants- widely used (eg. Elavil)
- block reuptake of norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters - 23Mixed Reuptake Inhibitors- Venlafaxine (Effexor) - blocks reuptake of norepinephrine as well as serotonin
- 24Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors- blocks monoamine oxidase
- 25Lithium- side effects may be severe
- why lithium works remains unclear - 26Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)- ECT effective for cases of severe depression
- nature of ECT: usually 6-10 outpatient treatments, short-term memory loss - 27Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)-
- 28Psychosocial Treatments- cognitive-behavioral therapy
- interpersonal psychotherapy: focuses on problematic interpersonal relationships - 29Nature of Suicide: Facts & Statistics- 11th leading cause of death in US
- males are more successful at committing suicide
- females attempt suicide more often - 30Risk Factors of Suicide- suicide in the family
- low serotonin levels
- preexisting psychological disorder
- alcohol use and abuse
- stressful life event
- past suicidal behavior - 31Treatments for Mood Disorders- psychosocial treatments
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
- electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- lithium
- mono oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
- mixed reuptake inhibitors
- tricyclic antidepressants
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
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- Descripción
- Fichas sobre Chapter 6 - Mood Disorders, creado por Diane Nguyen el 20/07/2017.
- Creado por
- Diane Nguyen
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