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GRAMMAR

The study of what structures are possible in a language.

Is

Describes the rules about how language's sentences are formed.

A language can be analysed at four levels:

TEXT

WORD

SOUND

The study of grammar consists of looking at the way these forms are arranged.

SENTENCE

SYNTAX

MORPHOLOGY

System of rules that cover the order of words in a sentence.

System of rules that cover the formation of words.

Seen also as:

Is

The study of the syntax and morphology of sentences

The study of linguistic:

SLOTS

CHAINS

The study of the way words are chained together in a particular order

What kinds of words can slotinto any one link in the chain.

GRAMMAR communicates MEANING

GRAMMAR is a process for making a speaker's or writer's meaning clear when contextual information is lacking.

Tool for making meaning

Speakers need to learn not only what form are possible, but what particular forms will express their particular meanings.

Teachers must teach not only the form of the language, but the meanings these forms convey.

There are two kinds of MEANING

Reflect the main purposes of language

1. Represent the world as we experience it

2. Influence how things happen in the world.

SUBJECTS

OBJECTS

VERBS

ADVERBIALS

TENSE

ASPECT

MODALITY