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Pregnancy

Increased oestrogen

Increased synthesis of prolactin mRNA

Lactation

Prolactin

Milk synthesis and secretion

Maternal behaviour

Immunity

Prolactin

Stimulates alveolar epithelium cell to synthesize and secrete milk

Milk made of sugars, milk, salts, protein

Oxytocin

Stimulates myoepithelial cells

Smooth muscle contraction

Milk ejection

Prolactin binds to cytokine receptor dimer

JAK2 is phosphorylated and activated

Cytosolic tails are phosphorylated

STAT5 molecules are phosphorylated by the cytosolic tails

STAT5 dimerises

Active STAT5 dimer goes to the nucleus of epithelial cells in breast

STAT5 dimer is a TF, synthesizing and secreting milk