ADJECTIVES

ADJECTIVES

1. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun.It answerS the questions ,what kind? Which one(s)? How many? how much?.Also,there are proper adjectives;they are formed from a proper noun.

   • CHARACTERISTICS
     • MORPHOLOGICAL: some of them have inflection -er & -est and affixes a-, -y, -ful, -less, -able, -ic(al).
     • NOTIONAL:They qualify things, people, and states. Some can have different degrees (gradability), so they can be modified by very kind: GRADABLE- NONGRADABLE, STATIVE-DYNAMIC, INHERENT-NONINHERENT.
     • FUNCTIONAL:They have an attributive function and predicative function.
   • COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
     • They are adjectives that are made up of two or more words usually with hyphens between them.
       • DIFERENT COMBINATIONS THAT WE CAN FIND OF COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
         • NOUN + ADJECTIVE. For example, she is a WORLD-FAMOUS singer
           • NOUN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE. For example, I bought some MOUNTH-WATERING strawberries.
             • NOUN + PAST PARTICIPLE, For example, I love eating SUN-DRIED raisins
               • ADJECTIVE + NOUN. For example, we watched the FULL-LENGTH version of the movie
         • ADJECTIVE + PAST PARTICIPLE. For example, reptiles are COLD-BLOODED.
           • ADJECTIVE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE. For example, she is a GOOD-LOOKING gilr.
             • ADVERB + PAST PARTICIPLE. For example, she is a WELL-KNOWN actress.
               • NUMBER + NOUN. For example, I have a TREE-WEEK vacation.
   • FUNCTIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF ADJECTIVES
     • SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS OF ADJECTIVES:
       • ATTRIBUTIVE,when they pre-modify the head of a noun phrase. Predicative,when they function as subject complement or object complement. Postpositive, when they immediately follow the noun or pronoun they modify.
     • SEMANTIC CLASIFICATION OF ADJECTIVES
       • GRADABLE: a gradable adjective denotes a scalar property;it's a property that can be possessed in varying degrees.NON-GRADABLE: this adjectives are adjectives that do not take modifiers of degree
       • STATIVE: they denotate a state. For example tall, old, rich, black. DYNAMIC ADJECTIVES: they denote an action or getting to a state.
       • INHERENT: they characterize the referent of the noun directly. NON-INHERENT: they do not characterize the referent of the noun directly.
     • SEMANTIC-SYNTACTIC CLASSIFICATION
       • INTENSIFYING ADJECTIVES: we can distinguish 3 sub-clases. EMPHASIZERS: they have a general geightening effect. AMPLIFIERS: they scale upwards from the standard. DOWNTONERS: they have a lowering effect.
   • PLACEMENT AND ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
     • DETERMINERS: Articles(a,the), demonstratives(this, those), possessives(his, our, Mary's, everybody's), amounts(one,five,few), order(first,next, last)
       • CORDINATE ADJECTIVES: Nice, packed, and pilitul
         • ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING SIZE: Big, huge, litte, and tiny
           • ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING SIZE: Long, short, round, and square
             • ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING AGE: Young, old, modern, and ancient
       • ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING COLOR: Blue,green,red,white, and orange
         • ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING NATIONALITY: Italian,Japonese, Costa Rican, and Canadian
           • ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING MATERIAL: Cardboard, plastic, silver, gold, and iron
             • ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING PURPOSE: RUNNING shoes, SLEEPING bag, and TENNIS racket