Building Materials

Building Materials

1. Concrete

   • Spalling
     • Steel Corrosion
     • Lower PH
       • Less than PH11.5
   • Crack
     • Plastic crack
     • Thermal crack
     • Structural
   • Honeycomb
   • Inspection
     • Visual
     • Infrared thermographic survey
     • Hammer tapping
     • Covermeter
     • Carbonation depth measurement
     • Bond Test
     • Electrochemical potential (Half cell)
     • Concrete resistivity measurement
     • Chloride content determination
     • Core compression strength tes
   • Chlorination
     • Chloride seepage
       • Chemical reaction
         • Ferrous ions react with hydroxyl irons (OH-) formed from water and oxygen becomes ferric hydroxide. Ferric hydroxides reacts with oxygen and water from rust.
         • Lowered PH
           • Less than PH11.5

2. Waterproofing

   • Roof
   • Basement

3. Paint

4. Timber