Unit 3

Unit 3

1. Prepositions: A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns. In some cases, you’ll find prepositions in front of gerund verbs.

   • Types
     • There are three types of prepositions, including time prepositions, place prepositions, and direction prepositions
       • Prepositions of time
         • A preposition of time is a preposition that allows you to discuss a specific time period such as a date on the calendar, one of the days of the week, or the actual time something takes place.
           • Examples
             • At: This preposition of time is used to discuss clock times, holidays and festivals, and other very specific time frames including exceptions, such as “at night.”
               • Examples
                 • 1. Jane is working at her desk
                   • 2. The car is waiting at the traffic lights
             • In: This preposition of time is used to discuss months, seasons, years, centuries, general times of day, and longer periods of time
               • Examples
                 • 1. Rachel works in a shop
                   • 2. I live in a big house
             • On: This preposition of time is used to discuss certain days of the week or portions of days of the week, specific dates, and special days.
               • Examples
                 • 1. There are some pictures on the wall
                   • 2. Don´t sit on the grass
       • Prepositions of place
         • A preposition of place is a preposition which is used to refer to a place where something or someone is located.
           • Examples
             • At: Is used to discuss a certain point
               • Where is Kate? She is at school
                 • Will you be at home this evening?
             • in: Is used to discuss an enclosed space
               • Where is Tom? He is in the bathroom
                 • You look sad in this photograph
             • On: Is used to discuss a surface
               • I work on the second floor
                 • I met Tom on the way to home
       • Prepositions of movement or direction
         • Are used to show movement from one place to another. These prepositions are most often used with verbs of motion and are found after the verb.
           • Examples
             • To: We use “to” to show movement in a specific direction.
               • I go to school by bus.
             • Across: Is used to show movement from one side to the opposite side.
               • The boat will take you across the river.
             • Along: from one point to another
               • He’s walking along the path.
             • Around: in a circle; in or along a curving path
               • Let’s go for a walk around the park.
             • Down: is used to indicate movement from a higher to a lower position.
               • We are going down to Florida this summer.
             • Into: to or toward to inside of; in the direction of; to enter
               • We went into the shop on the corner.
             • Off: Away from
               • We get off the train at the next stop.
             • Over: In an upward and forward direction across something; from one place to another; from or to a place that is higher than
               • You must cross over the bridge.

2. Have and have got

   • Have got and have mean the same. Have got is more informal.
     • Formal:
       • Exmples
         • I have a terrible pain in my back.
         • They don’t have a car.
     • Informal:
       • Exmples:
         • I’ve got a terrible pain in my back.
         • They haven’t got a car.
   • We use have (got) to talk about possession, relationships, characteristics and illnesses. In these contexts, it is not used in the continuous form
     • She’s got two cats and a dog. She has two cats and a dog
     • Have you got a drill? Do you have a drill?