Format and presentation

Format and presentation

1. based on environment and needs

   • learners
     • The learners should have the skills to do the activities.
     • The layout of the content should attract the learners.
   • teachers
     • The activities should be able to be presented and managed by the teacher
   • situation
     • The course book should be easy to carry
     • The activities should suit the physical features of the classroom

2. needs

   • lacks
     • The learners should be able to successfully complete the activities.
   • wants
     • The activities should take account of what the learners expect to do
   • Necessities
     • The kinds of activities should be useful to the learners in their future use

3. principles

   • motivation
   • Comprehensible input
   • Fluency
   • Output:
   • Time on task

4. meaning focused input

   • involves having the opportunity to learn from listening and speaking

5. Meaning-focused output

   • involves learning through speaking and writing.

6. Language-focused learning

   • involves a deliberate focus on language features such as pronunciation, spelling, word parts, vocabulary,

7. Fluency development

   • Fluency involves making the best use of what is already known.