CAB

CAB

1. CCF

   • MBD
     • MITO
       • Selman
         • Ristow et al (2009)
           • Exercise promotes longetivity and increases insulin sensitivity as well as ROS Measured if AO affected health promoting effects of exercise young males- took AO and exercised for 4 weeks.  Results: found exercise increased insulin sensitivity (as measured by glucose infusion rates GIR) only in the absence of AO ROS- senstivie TF of insulin sensitivity and ROS defense capacity increased only in absence of AO. Overall AO could remove health-promoting effects of exercise in humans.  
         • Ageing
           • Cardiolipin
             • Cardiolipin makes super complexes in the membrane that are needed for optimal ATP production in mitochondria. 
       • Kostas
         • Ruan et al (2017)
           • A new pathway suggesting proteins are imported into the mitochondria for degration.  Proteins prone to aggregation are imported from the cytosol to the matrix of the mitochondria to be degraded. To visualise the entry of the agregate proteins they used split GFP (bit with the star)
         • Lipids in the mitochondria
           • On the mito IM facing the matrix the lipids are more negative and facing the IMS more +ve. This helps with generating the membrane potential. The other bit comes from ETC. 
         • UPR
           • HS proteins
         • Mgm1 (IM remodelling)
           • Dynamin like GTPase
       • Murphy
         • Gwinn et al 2008
           • About AMPK and mTORC1 pathways- use of GF and low nutrients to control them. AMPK is an ihhibtior of mTORC1 pathway (promotes growth). SO if AMPK inhibits it it stops cell division.  So it is thought maybe a tumour suppressor, however under hypoxia it also means that AMPK could regulate cancer cell survival rather (as stops cells dying) so could also be an oncogene. Debate.  Antogonist of Akt signalling (see figure 7 of paper) 
       • Exam techniques
         • Learn Cyto C pathway
       • Zhuang et al
         • Retrograde signallng   This is the paper you wrote the review on, it suggests that p53 is moved into the mitochondria during times of oxidative stress due to upregulation of CHCHD4 (Mia40 equivalent in humans) and th moving of p53 in helps to protect genomic integrity. In decreased CHCHD4 expression p53 does not enter the mitochondria and stays in the nucleus. Thus the mito disulphide relay system allows p53 to regulate 2 spatially segregated genomes depending on the metabolic activity of the mitochondria.   
       • Mercier: Mito in disease
         • A lot of these flashcards will overlap!!
       • Mito signalling
         • Zhuang et al, provide an example of p53 in the cells and retrograde signalling
       • Mito cell death
         • Cyt C
         • Phosphatidyl Serine
           • During apoptosis lipid gets flipped to pm and cell signals to neibouring cells it is dying, macrophage recognise and engulf 
       • Fusision and fission
         • Dynamin-like protein, DNM1 Required for fusion, works like dynamin. Example of photoactivatiable GFP
         • Autophagy
           • See extra reading for Rab examples (there is 2) Same with SNARE example
         • mitophagy
     • VItamin
     • ROS
     • Obestiy/diabetes
       • insulin secretion
     • Athscelerosis
       • Try and use some of this for examples
     • ECM
       • Collagen misfolding and disease
   • Cheryl Woolhead
   • Neil Bullied
     • UPR
       • IRe 1 athway
         • Halbleib et al., 2017
   • Gwyn
     • Dynamin
     • Rabs
     • Snares
       • Are type II transmembrane proteins
     • Escrt

2. Gwyns Lectures

   • Sharpe et al 2010
     • Descovered the positive inside rule in TMD proteins 
   • IRE1
   • Lipid functions

3. Christie