Erikson - Psychodynamic

Erikson - Psychodynamic

1. Erikson works in tradition of Freud, but developed his own theories and ideas.

2. Erikson believed that personality continues to develop throughout life.

3. Erikson believes that development: -

   • Has a biological basis, e.g. that the stages are genetic and universal.
   • Is influenced by our interaction with our environment, enabling us to pass through the stages of development.
   • Part of Psychosocial development.

4. Erikson suggested that all humans pass through eight stages of development and that each stage is characterised by a psychosocial crisis.

   • 0-1 Years - Trust vs. Mistrust - Mother - Trust in people, or Mistrust of others.
   • STAGE - CRISIS - SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP - OUTCOMES
   • 2 Years - Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt - Parents - Self Control vs. Fear
   • 3-5 Years - Initiative vs. Guilt - Family - High or Low Self Esteem
   • 6-11 Years - Industry vs. Inferiority - Friends - Success or Failure
   • Adolescence - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Peer Group - Sense of Identity or Lack of Identity
   • Early Adulthood - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Same and Opposite Sex Relationships and Friend - Ability to have Deep Relationships or Failure to love others
   • Middle Age - Generativity vs. Stagnation - Marriage - Wider interests and Personal Growth or Self Concern
   • Old Age - Integrity vs. Despair - All People - Sense of fulfilment or lack of fulfilment with life

5. Erikson considered that human beings never fully resolve these crises however they do retain an element of both Adaptive (Positive) and the Maladaptive (Negative) features of each stage.

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