Body Systems

Body Systems

1. Respiratory - supplies blood with oxygen

   • Diaphragm - contracts and relaxes to open and close lungs
   • Lungs - container for air
     • Contains bronchi, bronchioles, and alvioli
   • Trachea - passage that leads from mouth/nose to lungs

2. Circulatory - circulates blood through body

   • Veins - carry oxygen poor blood back to heart
   • Arteries - carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart
   • Capillaries - perform gas exchange between blood and tissue
   • Heart - pump that circulates blood through the body

3. Skeletal - provides structure, protection for organs, and stores calcium

   • Five shapes of bones
     • Long bones
     • Short bones
     • Flat bones
     • Irregular bones
     • Sesamoid bones

4. Nervous - internal communication system using electrical signals

   • Neurons
     • Sensory - signals from outside stmuli
     • Motor - takes brain info and turns it into muscle movement
   • Central nervous system - body's main processing unit - brain and spinal cord
   • Peripheral nervous system - muscles, internal organs, glands

5. Endocrine - glandular system that releases hormones for important bodily functions

   • Pituitary gland - in charge of many important hormones, including growth
   • Thyroid - controls metabolism
   • Adrenal glands - regulate blood sugar and burning of proteins
   • Testes - produce testosterone
   • Ovaries - produce estrogen

6. Sensory - senses the outer environment

   • Sight - eyes
   • Sound - ears
   • Smell - nose
   • Taste - tongue
   • Touch - nerves
     • Nerves are present on almost every part of the body, and can sense pressure, temperature, and pain
   • Sensory receptors send signal to brain which interprets the senses

7. Digestive - breaks down food for nutrients for the body, then excretes the waste

   • Esophagus - pushes food into stomach
   • Stomach - sack that food sits in to be broken down by acids
   • Jaws - physically breaks down food by chewing
   • Pancreas - secretes bile to break down fats
   • Small intestine - absorbs nutrients from food
   • Large intestine - where stool is stored before excretion
   • Anus - where stool exits the body

8. Urinary - removes liquid waste from blood

   • Bladder - sack that stores urine
   • Kidneys - filter the blood
   • Urethra - carries urine outside of the body
   • Ureters - carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

9. Integumentary - protects body from surroundings

   • Epidermis - top layer of skin, protects and waterproofs
   • Dermis - second layer, contains nerves and blood vessels
   • Hypodermis - bottom layer of skin

10. Lymphatic/immune - removes pathogens from blood, produces white blood cells

    • Lymph - removes wastes between cells and destroys harmful bacteria and pathogens present in tissue
    • Lymphatic vessels - transports lymph
    • Lymph nodes - stores immunity cells and traps pathogens