Global migration

Global migration

1. Figures

   • -258 million international migrants worldwide (3.4% of total world population)
     • -only 10% of international migrants are from poor countries (contra to media steroetypes, need resources to migrate)
       • 14% of the UK population is foreign-born
   • 1/33 people are migrants
     • Women account for 48% of all migrants
   • 37% of total foreign-born population live in London, extremely cosmopolitan
     • US hosts 20% of the world's international migrants (Mavrodui & Nagel 2016)

2. Definitions

   • Migration- movement of a person or group of persons across an international border, included refugees, displaced people etc. A population movement, whatever its length
     • immigration= non-nationals moving into a country for purpose of settlement. (Inward migration)
       • Emigration= act of departing or exiting from one state with view to settle in another
         • International migrant= any person who changes his or her country of usual residence (UN statistics division 1998)
           • Long-term international migrant= moves to another country for longer than 12 months.
             • short term migrant= cros-border commuters, military personnel, nomads.
   • Documented migrant= entered a country lawfully, or through successive regulations. has the legal right to stay in a country
     • undocumented migrant= unauthorized entry, breach of condition of entry or expiry of visa
       • Asylum seeker= a person who seeks safety from persecution or serious harm
         • Refugee= membership of a particular social group, fleeing because of reasons of race, religion or ethnicity
   • Internally displaced person= flee or leave their homes, but have not crossed an internationally recognised border
     • Stateless person= UN convention of stateless persons 1954, not considered a national by any state
       • Nationals= citizens of a named country
         • Foreign national= citizens of a country different from one they live
           • Denizens= have legal status by not citizenship of a country
             • Diaspora= a group of people from a particular place who have dispersed and who share a certain identity
               • Expats= colloquial term for migrants from western countries
   • Defiinitial differences makes it challenging to compare patterns (Mavroudi & Nagel 2016)

3. Trends

   • High proportion of migrants from populated places such as India.
   • 53% of migrants live in Europe or North America
     • 51% of all international migrants live in 10 countries
       • 90% of the UAE population is made up of migrants
   • EU migrants from Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Portugal and Ireland
     • Brits migrate to Spain, Ireland and Autralia
   • Improtance of historical (colonial ties)
   • Long term reasons for migration= formal study, accompany, refamilization, work
     • Short term= employment and study
   • significant proportion of migration occurs along migration corridoors

4. Consequences of migration

   • Geographically concentrated effects of migration and the social, economic and political impacts (Mavourid & Nagel 2016)
   • Political= impacted political votes, no common identity, civic, cultural or ethnic citizenship, multi-citizenship
   • Social/cultural= integration, multiculturalism, hybridization of culture, social tension and segregation, lack of trust, racism and discrimination
   • Economic= pressure on welfare state, requirement of interpretors, remittances, race to bottom with salary, competition for jobs, risk.