things that affect sporting performance

things that affect sporting performance

1. age

   • age catergories
     • u12's
     • u13's
     • u14's
     • u15's
     • u16's
     • u17's
     • u21's
     • mens/ladies
     • these age categories are important as if an 11year old was up against an 18 year old it would be unfair and dangerous.
   • flexibility peaks at early teens
   • skill levels stays the same
   • development of muscle, bones, joints and cardiovascular capacity changes
   • recovery rate increases wit age
   • concessions for over 60's
   • oxygen capacity decreases
   • mental maturity
   • strength increases and peaks in the early 20's an then decreases.

2. disibility

   • temporary
     • broken leg
     • depression
     • cold
   • permanent
     • amputee
     • demetia
     • downs syndrome
   • physical
     • broken leg
     • amputee
     • sprains
   • mental
     • dementia
     • amnesia
     • depression
   • laws
     • wheelchair access
     • adapted facilities
     • specialised sessions
     • specialised coaches
   • inclusive fitness initiative
     • developed by Sport England to ensure disabled people can profit from the physical, social and psychological benefits associated with fitness based leisure.
   • specific competitions for disabled athletes.
     • invictus
     • paralympics
     • wheelchair games

3. gender

   • male
     • testosterone influences aggressive approach
     • during puberty boys become stronger than girls.
   • female
     • more flexible than boys
       • women have a natural advantage in sports such as gymnastics, for example being able to do the splits.
     • ovarian hormones affect metabolism of carbohydrates and fats
       • sores fat as a glycogen in the liver, this helps with endurance events.
     • smaller lungs and heart compared to men.
   • differences in physique
     • size of lungs
       • means men take in more oxygen to produce more glycogen that helps during endurance events.
     • size of heart
       • means that more blood is pumps round the body and faster meaning the tissues and muscles in a man get more energy and helping in endurance events
     • hormone and metabolism differneces
       • testosterone
         • make men more aggressive
         • makes men stronger than women and quicker making them more pwerful and helping events such as sprints and long jump.
   • sometimes men and women compete separately due to safety.
     • this can case problems with things such as
       • facilties
       • time
       • money
       • coaches
     • show jumping and mixed doubles are sports where males and females compete against each other.
   • opportunities for women
     • have increased
     • more financially rewarding
     • the place of women in authority s now recognised
     • womens football association
     • women's sport and fitness foundation
     • increased media coverage
     • raised awareness
     • womens only activities
     • crèche facilities

4. culture

   • single sex rules prevent mixed participation in leisurely activities
   • dress codes
     • burkinis
       • used by women muslims in swimming, these create drag and aren't streamlined making them unaffective and also a disadvantage to the women as the costum will slow them down.
     • athletics
       • female muslims aren't allowed to show any skin that isn't on there face, hands or above their ankles, this means that during sports these cultures have to wear full length trousers and tops,
         • this is a unfair disadvantage to the muslims as they will become hotter, sweat more and therefore become more dehydrated than other people, for example in long distance running a female muslim will have to drink drink more to stay hydrated and have a higher risk of feinting during the competition, also the weight of the clothing would be an unfair disadvantage to the females
   • being unable to train in the same locations
     • this can be an unfair disadvantage as the Muslims would have controlled training times that were limited, also the idea that women shouldn't exert themselves would mean that male Muslims would be allocated longer and more frequent training times than female Muslims.