Head injury

Head injury

1. Anatomy of the brain stem

2. Consciousness

   • State of being aware of external stimuli and one’s self.
     • Regulated by reticular formation
       • Set of interconnected nuclei within brainstem
       • ARAS (cholinergic)
       • DRAS (non-cholinergic
       • Somatic motor, CVS, pain, consciousness, habituation

3. Traumatic Brain Injury

   • Concussion
     • Can be accompanied with memory loss, altered neurological deficit
   • Contusion
     • Hemorrhages on the surface of the brain

4. Pathology

   • Management of brain injury
     • Initial resucitaton
       • Postresucitative care
         • Treatment of intracranial hypertension
           • Treatment and prophylaxis of complications
     • osmotic agent
       • anti-seizures
         • Phenytoin
       • Mannitol

5. Types of herniation

   • subfalcine herniation
     • transtentorial herniation
       • tonsillar herniation
         • transalar herniation

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