36427168
Description
Flashcards by Jenn Webster, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jenn Webster
about 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 90, 90, 9 Rule | SpO2 less than 90 Systolic BP less thn 90 GCS less than 9 doubles chance of death |
| Types of head injuries | Open- dura mater & cranial contents are exposed Closed- blunt trauma, skull fracture, diffuse and focal brain injuries |
| Skull Fractures | Linear Depressed Basilar Open |
| Linear Skull Fracture | most common type break in bone, bone doesn't move 50% temporal-parietal region of skull injury to middle meningeal artery (extradural bleeding) |
| Depressed Skull Fracture | High energy, direct blunt trauma to a small area with or without cut sunken in skull frontal and partial most common bony fragments can puncture the brain |
| Basilar Skull Fracture | Break at base of skull Bruising behind ears or around eyes CSF leak |
| Open Skull Fracture | severe force resulting in exposed brain multiple body system trauma high mortality rate |
| Normal Intracranial Pressure (ICP) | 15mmHg |
| Complications of a skull fracture | Intracranial haemorrhage Cerebral damage Cranial nerve damage |
| Common Causes of Head Trauma | RTC's Assault Falls (over 65s) Sports incidents Infection Disease Strokes Paediatrics |
| Types of hematomas | Epidural Subdural Uncal herniation |
| Epidural Hematoma | Above dura mater collection of blood forms between dura mater and skull Usually artery torn by skull fracture symptoms: headache, LOC |
| Subdural haematoma | Below dura mater Acute- like epidural but slower, venous or arterial subacute- venous Chronic- elderly alcoholics |
| Uncal Herniation | Rising ICP causes portion of brain to move from one intracranial compartment to another Life threatening neurological emergency compresses 3rd cranial nerve oculomotor one sided pupil dilation |
| Cerebral herniation | Brain tissue moves from one part to another Caused by swelling or pressure |
| Signs of Cerebral Herniation | Unequal pupils Bilaterally fixed and dilated pupils Decerebrate posturing No motor response to pain |
| Increased | Accumulation of blood or swelling of brain leads to increased pressure in cranial vault this squeezes the brain against bony prominences within cranium conin |
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