Ligands

Ligands

1. Endogenous

   • Intracellular Signaling
     • Endocrine Signal
       • ductless glands that secrete hormones; growth, development and homeostasis.
         • Hormones
           • Based On Chemistry
             • Steroids
             • Modified a.a. derivatives
             • Peptides & Protiens
           • Based on Receptor Location
             • Intracellular
               • Effect DNA Long Delay Usually Lipophillic
             • Extracellular
               • Charge cannot cross Use 2nd messengers
           • Termination
             • Elimination from blood following metabolism in the liver
     • Local Signaling
       • bloodstream transport NOT necessary; exert effects nearby the source of the signal; effects short-term
       • Paracine
         •    »Neurotransmission is a special form of paracrine signaling (across the synapse)
         • Examples
           • Growth factors, autocoids
         • Release of LIGAND by cell A, moves thru extracellular fluid to work at neighboring Cell B
       • Autocrine
         • release of a ligand by Cell A works at the same Cell A
       • Juxatine
         • Cell A and Cell B have direct contact; for example, gap junctions
   • Classifications
     • Chemistry & Structure
       • Small Organic vs. Peptides
       • Charged vs. Noncharged
     • Receptor-Ligand
       • Extra/Intracellular Signaling Membrane Bound
     • Anatomy & Physiology
       • -Hormones -Neurotransmitters - Steroids

2. Exogenous

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