Biomaterials & Cell interaction

Biomaterials & Cell interaction

1. Cellular Structure

   • Cell Membrane
     • Phospholipid Bilayer
     • Transmembrane Protein
       • Channel Protein
         • Diffusion of ions
       • Carrier Protein
         • Active transport
       • Receptors
   • Cytoskeleton
     • Cellular Scaffolding
     • Functions
       • Maintains cell shape
       • Protects cell
       • Cellular Motion
         • Pseudopodia
       • Intracellular Transport
       • Cellular Division
     • Cytoskeletal Filaments
       • Microfilaments
       • Intermediate filaments
       • Microtubules
   • Mitochondria
     • Structure
       • Inner membrane
         • highly folded
       • Matrix
         • Enzymes
       • Outer membrane
         • separates inner & matrix from cytoplasm
     • Produce Energy
       • Oxidative Phosphorylation
         • ATP as end product
   • Nucleus
     • Control Center
       • Genetic info
     • Nuclear Envelope
       • Separates nucleus
     • Nuclear Pore
       • controls entry/exit
         • specific molecules
     • Nuclear Transport
       • Crucial to cell function
   • ER
     • Rough
       • Ribosomes on external surface
     • Smooth
       • Tubular structure
       • no ribosomes
     • Functions
       • Protein translation
       • Protein folding
       • Protein transport
   • Vesicles
     • traffics protein
       • ER to Golgi
       • Golgi to other target areas
     • stores
     • transports
       • cellular products/wastes
     • digests
     • Exocytosis
       • joins with cell membrane
         • secrete proteins
     • Endocytosis
       • Phagocytosis
       • Pinocytosis
       • Receptor mediated endocytosis
   • Protein synthesis
     • DNA
       • Polymer of nucleic acid
         • Phosphate group
           • phosphodiester bonds
         • Deoxyribose sugar
         • base
           • double ring
             • purines
               • A,G
           • single ring
             • pyrimidines
               • C,T
       • double helix structure
         • sugar phosphate backbone
         • interior
           • bases
     • RNA
       • Single stranded
         • ribose sugar
         • bases
           • A,U,G,C
       • types
         • mRNA
         • tRNA
         • rRNA
       • intermediate
         • genetic code
     • Transcription
       • Double helix "unzips"
         • DNA to mRNA
           • by RNA polymerase
     • Translation
       • mRNA to proteins

2. Receptors

   • Cadherins
     • Cell-cell contact
     • Transmembrane protein
     • Binding
       • Ca+ dependant homophillic
       • attach to intermediate filaments
   • Selectins
     • Cell- cell contact
     • Heterophillic binding
     • Specific
       • certain carboh groups
   • Mucins
     • high MW
     • heterophillic cell-cell interaction
     • Ligands
       • Binding with selectins
   • Integrins
     • interactions
       • Cell-cell
       • Cell-matrix
     • Heterodimers
       • α
       • β
     • receptors
       • link to intermediate filaments
     • mediators
       • of focal adhesion
   • Other CAMs
     • large group
     • mediate
       • cell-cell
       • cell-ECM
     • Binding
       • Homophillic
       • Heterophilic
     • mostly Ig family
     • Cell-integrin binding
       • important in cell migration
         • early inflammatory response

3. Cell-Cell Contacts

   • Tight Junctions
     • membranes joined together
       • impermeable barrier
     • branching network of sealing strands
       • common in epithilia
     • Functions
       • hold cells together
       • prevent passage of molecules & ions
         • b/w cells
       • block movement of integral memb prot
         • b/w apical & basolateral surface
   • Gap Junctions
     • intercellular hydrophillic channels
       • permits free passage b/w cells
     • Functions
       • allows direct electric communication
         • b/w cells
       • chemical communication
       • prevents leakage of mol/ions
         • During passage
   • Desmosomes
     • localized patches
       • hold 2 cells together
     • specialized for cell-cell adhesion
       • resist shearing force

4. Cell-ECM Contacts

   • attaches epithelial cells to ECM
     • Integrins
   • assymmetrical