Cognition & intelligence

Cognition & intelligence

1. Intelligence - an overall capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and adapt to ones surroundings

   • - Worlds like "intelligence" and personality can be easy to misuse as theoretical explanations
     • Stereotypes
       • ○ Stereotypes as a form of social concept ○ Stereotypes are over simplification
       • Stereotype threat - the anxiety caused by the fear of being judged in terms of a stereotype
       • Prejudice which is marked by suspicion, fear, or hatred has the opposite effect - It’s a negative attitude held toward members of a specific social group

2. Theories of intelligence

   • Nature – Some genetically transmitted capacity
   • Nurture – Some environmentally modifiable capacity

3. Cognition (thinking): The process of mentally processing information (images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols).

   • - A mental presentation/ Mental expression of a problem or situation
   • Counter factual worlds
     • worlds that do not exist in reality – imagining or playing out scenarios or hypothetical situations in one’s mind; to imagine the possibilities beforehand
   • Symbol manipulation – symbols attached to meanings – created and manipulated in ones’ mind
   • Problem solving - include barriers
   • Intuition - quick, impulsive thought that does not use formal logic or clear reasoning
   • Creativity :thinking, comparing and decision-making. It leads to new ideas and creativity: eg designing, learning, writing a book”

4. 3 basic units of thought

   • Image: Most often, a mental representation that has picture-life qualities; an icon.
     • Thinking is a combination of all units Ex. Blindfolded chess players rely on visual concepts
   • Concept: A generalized idea representing a category or related objects or events.
   • Language: Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication.

5. Measuring IQ - MA/CA x100=IQ Mental age/ chronological age

6. Oversimplification causes damage

   • - Consider the relationship of "intelligence" and "race" - Are people of African descent lower intelligence - Yes, if you mean traditionally measures IQ - But does that mean hey are actually lower? E.g stereotype threat as an example of problems for the target of a stereotype

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