Morphological process and conceptual categories

Morphological process and conceptual categories

1. Conceptual categories and the problem of labeling

   • Determine some pattern of grammatical (lexical, morphological or syntactic)

2. Derivational vs inflectional categories

   • Derivational morphemes that are used to create new words or to “make words of a different grammatical class from the stem” (Yule, 2010, p. 69).
     • Example The derivational prefix de- is added to the verb base construct to get the verb deconstruct The derivational suffix -ion is added to the verb stem deconstruct to get the noun deconstruction
   • We use inflectional morphemes to indicate if a word is singular or plural
     • Books and book are thus different grammatical forms of the same lexeme. (for example, -ed in raced, -ing in racing, -s in races

3. The "big ten" m orphological process

   • stem modification
     • Stem modification is a morphological process whereby an affix occurs simultaneously with a root or stem.The kind of affix involved in this process is called a simulfix sing sang sung
     • Ring rang rung
   • Reduplication
     • Reduplication is a morphological process in which a root or stem or part of it is repeated. Kinds: Adverb (Linguistics)AdjectiveConcession Relation
     • δίδωμι dídōmi "I give" (present) δέδωκα dédōka "I have given" (perfect)
   • Autosegmental variation
     • stress tone nasalization
     • Tone 1 syllable 2 syllables 3 syllables H nda@ ‘mouth’/ ngu@lu@ ‘tree’ /kE@lE@lE@ ‘fraction’
   • compounding
     •  is the process of word formation that creates compound lexemes. 
     • police -man -policeman
   • Infixation
     • Infixation is a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme attaches within a root or stem. The kind of affix involved in this process is called an infix.
     • fan-***-tastic, edu-***-cation
   • Suffixation
     • Suffixation is a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme is attached to the end of a stem. ex establishment.
   • Circumfixation
     • Circumfixation is a morphological process whereby an affix made up of two separate parts surrounds and attaches to a root or stem.
     • baddang: root ‘help’ v. ka--an: circumfix ‘NOMR’ kabaddangan: word ‘helpfulness’
   • prefixation
     • The prefix un- attaches to the front of the stem selfish to form the word unselfish.
   • Non- concatenative morphology
     • binyan Pref.Act. Perf.Pass. Impf.Act. Tmpf.Pass I katab kutib aktub uktab

4. Methods for representing

   • Position class diagram
     • Item and arragment
     • 1Isolate the roots
     • 2Estimate the affix position
     • 3Begin to analize prefixes
     • 4Analize the suffixes
     • 5Label the columns
   • Proces rules

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