Reported speech

Reported speech

1. STATEMENTS

   • SUBJECT + REPORTING VERB + (THAT) + SENTENCE
     • say
       • He said that...
       • He said to me that...
     • tell
       • She told me that
     • admit, announce, boast, reply, add, apologize, answer,, declare, explain, informinsist, mention, offer, remind, state, etc.

2. QUESTIONS

   • Wh-questions
     • Subject + reporting verb + question word + sentence (affirmative).
       • "Where did you go last night?", she asked.
         • He asked me where I had been the previous night.
   • Yes/no questions
     • Subject + reporting verb + IF / WHETHER + sentence (affirmative)
       • "Did you call Tom?," he asked.
         • He asked if / whether I had called Tom.
   • Verbs
     • Ask, enquire, request, want to know, wonder, etc.

3. COMMANDS AND REQUESTS

   • SUBJECT + REPORTING VERB + TO + VERB
     • "Close the window", told me Tom.
       • Tom told me to close the window.
   • Verbs
     • Tell, order , demand, shout, ask, beg, warn, etc.

4. SUGGESTIONS AND OFFERS

   • SUBJECT + RECOMMEND / SUGGEST + THAT + SENTENCE (VERB IN BASE FORM)
     • "Let's play football", Hommer suggested.
       • Hommer suggested that we play football
   • SUBJECT + RECOMMEND / SUGGEST + V-ING
     • "Let's play football", Hommer suggested.
       • Hommer suggested playing football.

5. CHANGES

   • VERB - Backshift
     • Direct speech
       • Reported speech
       • Present simple
         • Present continuous
           • Past simple
             • Past perfect
             • Past perfect
               • Past perfect
               • Will
                 • Would
                 • Can
                   • Could
                   • May
                     • Might
                     • Must-have to
                       • had to
           • Past continuous
         • Past simple
   • PEOPLE
     • I, me, mine, myself
       • he/she, him/her, his/hers, himself,herself
   • PLACES
     • here
       • this, these
         • that, those
       • there
   • TIME
     • yesterday
       • tomorrow
         • next week
           • last week
             • the previous week / the week before
             • today
               • that day
               • now
                 • then
           • the following week
         • the following day
       • the previous day / the day before