First Language Acquisition

First Language Acquisition

1. It is the process which children acquire their first language.

   • Milestones and Developmental Sequences
     • *The earliest vocalization in babies is cries when they are hungry or uncomfortable.
       • *The cooing and gurglind sounds in babies is bacause of they are looking shapes or something else.
         • *Babies can recognize the voice of her mother from others., and recognize the language; even before they born.
           • Grammar
             • During the preocess of learning, children get a poor grammar structure, which has been learned meanwhile they hear what happen around them.
               • In this process of learning, children learn how to create and develop what they hear. For instance, to say NO to express rejection or negation, "No cookie" or "I can't do it. Also, they get capacity of create phrases to ask something, the questions are simple like "Who's that?" and Cookie?, or more elaborate questions like "Can I go?" or "Do dogs like ice cream?".
           • Phonetic
             • Babies hear all around them, this is how they learn their first language. Also, they can distinguish the differences of the sounds of words.
               • During the tree first years, children can learn or retain words and phrases that they hear. They say some words in a phrase in order to others understand what they saying, also, because they do not know grammar structures.
   • The Behaviourist Perspective
     • When children imitated the language produced by those around them, they can reproduce what they heard received 'positive reinforcement'.
       • If children continue to imitate and practse these sounds and patterns until they formed habits of correct language use
         • Shall we play with the dolls? - Play with dolls. Do you see the toys I brought? - I bring toys? Choo choo?
   • The Innatist Perspective
     • It is related to Chomsky's hypothesis that all human languages are based on some innate universal principles.
       • Instead of children are exposed to include salses starts, incomplete sentences, and slip tongue, and they can learn to distinguish grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. However, children learn imitating language they hear in their environment.
         • Children born with the specific innate ability to discover for themselves. The innative perspective emphasizes the fact that almost all children succesfully acquire their native language, or more.
           • Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) includes animal and humans, which they are genetically programmed to acquire certain kinds of knowledge and skill. language acquisition begins at birth, ans possibly enven before, as the child's brain is shaped by exposure to the language to which they are exposed.
   • The Importance of Interaction
     • It is pretty important the interaction between children and their parents. in this way, children can get the language eaisier. Therefore, if children do no undertand, adults repeat and paraphrase.
       • If children are exposed to a bigger environment, they expand their understanding and gradually learn more vocabulary. Reinforcing their skills throug experiences.
   • Interactionist/Developmentan Perpective
     • It has focus on the interplay between the innate learning ability of children and the environment in which they develop. That is why is so important the interaction with environment, with people and objects around them.
       • *Piaget: the cognitive undertanding and interaction with things are developed in chilshood; which have acquire trough physical interaction with the environment.
       • *Vygotsky: observed the importance of conversations with adults and other children; and this way develop language and though.
   • Language Disorders and Delays
     • There are some types of disabilities which affect progressand development the language acquisition. Disabilities like deafness, articulatory problems, autism, dyslexia and others; they are some of them which have to do a monitoring and control in order to child learns about his/her first language.
       • Those problems have been seen at the moment to speak, to write or retain words.

2. Childhoodm Bilingualism

   • During the first 5 years, the brain is developing and getting information; that is why, is easier that chilren learn a second language in their childhood.
     • Children who learn two or more languages durig their childhood,, it is called "simultaneous bilinguals". For another hand, there are children who learn a second language during the school, which is called "sequentil bilinguals".
       • One of the problem of learn a second language during childhood is change words. For this reason, it is necessary guide the children in this process.