Progressive Era

Progressive Era

1. Quality of Life Conditions

   • Working Conditions
     • New Child labor laws restricted what type of labor children could do, and how many hours they could work.
   • Immigrant Living Conditions
     • They lived in filthy, over crowded, unsafe homes with at least 18 people.

2. Acts

   • Sherman Antitrust Act
     • The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts.
     • Big Business
       • Monopolies and bad trusts were outlawed.
   • Clayton Antitrust Act
     • This act defines unethical business practices, such as price fixing and monopolies, and upholds various rights of labor. 
   • Meat Inspection Act
     • The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 is an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.
   • Pure Food and Drug Act
     • The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was the first of a series of consumer protection laws which was enacted by Congress in the 20th century and led to the creation of the FDA
   • Federal Reserve Act
     • This act gave the 12 Federal Reserve banks the ability to print money to ensure economic stability. The Federal Reserve System created the dual mandate to maximize employment and minimize inflation.

3. Women

   • National American Woman Suffrage Association
     • The National American Woman Suffrage Association was an organization formed on February 18, 1890, to advocate in favor of women's suffrage in the United States. It was created by the merger of two existing organizations, the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association.
   • 19th Amendment
     • The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex.
   • Alice Paul
     • Alice Stokes Paul was an American socialist, suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the main leaders and strategists of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote.
   • Jane Adams
     • Jane Addams was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator and author. She was a notable figure in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States and an advocate for world peace.
   • Hull House
     • Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Located on the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, Hull House opened to recently arrived European immigrants. By 1911, Hull House had grown to 13 buildings.

4. African American Culture

   • Booker T. Washington
     • Booker T. Washington was an American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community. He was a key proponent of African-American businesses and one of the founders of the National Negro Business League. His base was the Tuskegee Institute, a historically black college in Tuskegee, Alabama.
   • Tuskegee Institute
     • Tuskegee University is a private, historically black university in Tuskegee, Alabama. It was established by Lewis Adams and Booker T. Washington. The campus is designated as the Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site by the National Park Service. The university was home to scientist George Washington Carver and to World War II's Tuskegee Airmen.
   • NAACP
     • The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.
   • Racial discrimination
     • Racial discrimination is any discrimination against individuals on the basis of their skin color, racial or ethnic origin. Policies of racial segregation may formalize it, but it is also often exerted without being legal and also it means facing injustice.

5. Presidents

   • Theodore Roosevelt
     • He was an American statesman, politician, conservationist, naturalist, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
   • William Howard Taft
     • He was the 27th president of the United States and the tenth chief justice of the United States. 

6. Nature

   • Environmentalism
     • This is the theory that environment, as opposed to heredity, has the primary influence on the development of a person or group.
   • John Muir
     • John Muir also known as "John of the Mountains" and "Father of the National Parks", was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher, glaciologist, and early advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the United States of America.
   • national wildlife refuges
     • National Wildlife Refuge System is a designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
   • Gifford Pinchot
     • Gifford Pinchot was an American forester and politician. Pinchot served as the first Chief of the United States Forest Service from 1905 until his firing in 1910, and was the 28th Governor of Pennsylvania, serving from 1923 to 1927, and again from 1931 to 1935.

7. Writers

   • Upton Sinclair
     • He was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943. Sinclair acquired particular fame for his classic muck-raking novel The Jungle, which exposed labor and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry.
   • Jacob Riis
     • He was a Danish-American social reformer, "muckraking" journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City