Learning language strategies

Learning language strategies

1. Directs

   • All direct strategies require mental processing of the language
     • Memory strategies
       • 4 categories
         • Grouping
           • classifying lgg into meaningful units (mental or written)
         • Associating / elaborating
           • Relating information to concepts already in memory
         • Placing new words into a context
           • Phrases meaningful sentences converzation
         • Applying images and sounds
           • Repetition keywords
       • Improve memorization
         • Repetition talk it out write it down
     • Cognitive strategies
       • Common function
         • Manipulation or transformation of the target lgg
           • Practicing
             • Repeating S&wRoutine formulas Recombining Naturalistically
           • Receiving and sending messages
             • Skimming scaning writing
           • Analysing and reasoning
             • Logical thinking Analysing expressions Translating Transferring
           • Creating structures
             • Taking notes Summarizing Highlighting
     • Compensation strategies
       • Variety of clues
         • Linguistic clues
       • Overcoming limitations
         • Repetition using mime or gesture switching to the mother tongue

2. Indirects

   • Are divided
     • Metacognitive
       • Means beyong, beside, or with the cognitive. MS make language learners more CAPE-able
         • Paying attention
           • To an specific aspect of the lgg or paying attention in general
         • silence period
           • delaying speech to focus on listening
         • Centering your learning
         • Arranging and planing
           • How lgg learning works. Purpose of a particular task. Setting aims for the lgg learning.
         • Evaluating
           • Self-monitoring
             • Identifying errors in understanding or producing the new language
               • Trying to eliminate such errors
           • Self-evaluating
             • Evaluating own's progress Did I really improve in this period of time?
     • affective
       • Refers to emotions, attitudes, motivations and values.
         • Lower our anxiety
           • music as a way to relax Listening jokes Meditation by focusing in a mental image
         • Encouraging yourself
           • Writing to feel more confident or even pushing oneself to take risks. Giving oneself a valuable reward
         • Taking your emotional temperature
           • Taking care of the body. Being aware about feeling, actitudes, and motivations concerning language learning in general.
     • Social
       • The language learning process is not just intellectual, it is also social and emotional
         • Asking for clarification or correction
           • Would you repeat that, please? Please speak more slowly. I’m sorry, I don’t understand. Pardon me. What was that again? Did you say ___________? What does __________ mean?
         • Cooperating with others
           • Higher self-esteem Increased confidence and enjoyment Greater and more rapid achievement Decreased prejudice Increased altruism and mutual concern
         • Emphasizing with others
           • Trying to emphasize with another person through learning about the culture
           • Observing the behaviors of others as a possible expression of their feeling