Programming Languages and Program Development Tools

Programming Languages and Program Development Tools

1. A computer program is a series of instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks

2. Machine language is the first generation of programming languages. Only language the computer directly recognizes.

3. Assembly language is the second generation of programming languages. Programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction codes. A source program contains the code to be converted to machine language.

4. In a procedural language, the programmer writes instructions that tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it. Such as third-generation language (3GL) .

   • A 4GL (fourth-generation language) is a nonprocedural language that enables users and programmers to access data in a database One popular 4GL is SQL

5. The C programming language is used to write many of today’s programs

   • COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language) is designed for business applications, but easy to read because of the English-like statements
   • C++ is an extension of the C programming language Additional features for working with objects, classes, events, and other object-oriented concepts C# is based on C++ and was developed by Microsoft C# combines the benefits of an object-oriented language with the benefits of a functional language.

6. An object-oriented programming (OOP) language allows programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing objects Other advantages include: object can be reused, programmers can create applications faster,Work well in a RAD environment and Most program development tools are IDEs.

   • Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems The Just-in-time (JIT) compiler to convert the bytecode into machine-dependent code

7. A visual programming language is a language that uses a visual or graphical interface for creating all source code. Borland’s Delphi is a powerful program development tool that is ideal for building large-scale enterprise and Web applications in a RAD environment

8. PowerBuilder is a powerful program development RAD tool Best suited for Web-based, .NET, and large-scale enterprise object-oriented applications

9. A macro is a series of statements that instructs an application how to complete a task You usually create the macro in one of two ways: Record the macro with a macro recorder or write the macro

10. HTML is a special formatting language that programmers use to format documents for display on the Web XHTML is a markup language that allows Web sites to be displayed more easily on mobile devices

    • XML allows Web developers to create customized tags and use predefined tags to display content appropriately on various devices WML is a subset of XML and is used to design pages for microbrowsers Two applications of XML are RSS 2.0 and ATOM
      • Web browsers can execute short programs to add interactive elements to Web pages To send and receive information between your computer and a Web server, these programs use the CGI (common gateway interface) . Such as scripts, applets servlets, ActiveX control.
        • Programmers write scripts, applets, servlets, or ActiveX controls using a variety of languages
    • Dynamic HTML (DHTML) allows Web developers to include more graphical interest and interactivity. Ruby on Rails (RoR) provides technologies for developing object-oriented, database-driven Web sites
      • Most Web 2.0 sites use APIs An API enables programmers to interact with an environment such as a Web site or operating system
        • Web page authoring software can create sophisticated Web pages that include images, video, audio, animation, and other effects such as dreamweaver, espression web, flash and sharepoint designer
    • Ruby on Rails (RoR) provides technologies for developing object-oriented, database-driven Web sites