Critical Thinking 2

Critical Thinking 2

1. Elements of thought

   • what are they?
     • 8 basic structures presented in thinking processes
   • What are they used for
     • Raise questions
     • Make inferences
     • take points of view
     • Generate purposes
     • Use information
     • use concepts
   • which are they?
     • Purpose
       • Your goal, what you are trying to accomplish
         • What am I trying to accomplish? What is my central aim? My purpose?
     • Questions
       • The guide to the problem or issue
         • What question am I rising? Am I considering the complexities in the question?
     • Information
       • The facts, data, evidence, etc.
         • What information am I using in coming to that conclusion? What experience have I had to support this claim?
     • Inferences/Conclusions
       • The interpretations you come to
         • How did I reach this conclusion? Is there another way to interpret the information?
     • Concepts
       • Ideas, theories, laws, etc. to make sense of things
         • What is the main idea here? Can I explain this idea?
     • Implications/Consecuences
       • Claims or truths that follow others logically
         • If someone accepted my position, what would be the implications?
     • Assumptions
       • Beliefs taken for granted
         • What am I taking for granted? What assumption has led me to that conclusion?
     • Points of view
       • The way you see something
         • From what point of view am I looking at this issue? Is there another point of view I should consider?

2. Universal Intelectual Standards

   • What are they?
     • Standards applied to thinking to check the quality of reasoning about something
   • what are they used for?
     • To become infused in thinking for a better reasoning
   • Which are they?
     • Depth
       • Intense and profound analysis of something
     • Precision
       • To understand exactly what is said
     • Breath
       • The amplitude of view points
     • Logic
       • The parts that make sense, with no contradictions
     • Clarity
       • Capacity to undertand different aspects of something
     • Accuracy
       • Condition of being true, correct,exact.
     • relevance
       • How close is related the information given to the problem

3. Problems of egocentric thinking

   • people does not consider other's needs
   • People has unrealistic but confident sense
   • They use self-centered psychological standards