Decolonization 1

Decolonization 1

1. The term

   • This term was used for the first time by Henri Labouret in 1952
   • It has many interpretations
     • L.S.Senghor´s definition
       • "the abolition of all prejudice and superiority complex of the colonizer"
     • E.J. Osmañczyk´s definition
       • "The process of winding up the colonial system and the creation of independent states in the belonged terrotiries"
     • In General
       • Is understood as the process which colonialism has a legal and political end, independent and sovereign states are formed

2. Timeline

   • Beginning of the 20th century
     • No country could cope with Europe´s Superiority
   • After the IIWW
     • The process of decolonizing spread quickly and ended in 30 yrs
     • The european dominace had dissapeared
     • This was the start of a new era
       • Asian-African revolution in the face of European dominance
       • Affected half of the Earth surface
       • Afro states influenced the end of colonial empires

3. External Factors

   • The Two WorldWide War
     • essential in the transformation of the colonies and the exposure of the empire Weaknesses
     • colonies realized how important they were during the strife , they destroyed the epire´s metropolises superiority
     • This WWs made a social and ideological change on the colonies
     • Concepts like freedom,equality, independeance were assimilated and claimed by colonial combatients
   • Dominating States
     • promised higher levels of freedom , self determination and indeapendece in exchange of collaboration
   • International Oraganization
     • Society of Nations
       • favoured decolonizing process , thourgh an administration o the defeated countrie´s colonies
     • UN
       • Decolonization Comitte
         • Promote decolonization in countries that this process had not started
   • USA and Soviet Union
     • 1st countries to encourage decolonization
     • President Wilson and his The Fourteen Points Programme
       • Defended self-determination and nationalities ´s principles as a way of achive peace afeter the IWW
     • SV.
       • facilitated the penetration of Marxist ideology and broadening its orbit of influence
   • Solidarity between colonies
     • African people who achived indepeandece help others to achive their indepeandent
     • Bandung Conference 1955
       • Nehru ( from india ) , Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt) Sukarno (Indonesia)
       • Condemmed European Domination And appeled to the rebellion against it .
       • was the starting point for the decolonization of the African continent
       • Colonialism was described as an evil that needed to be stopped
     • Pan-Africanism , Pan-Asianism
       • Arabinism and Pan-Islamism
       • Played a main role in the awarness of Afro leaders and people
       • Solidarity and Union in their common struggle against colonial rules, favoring independence
       • The 1st one was promoted by K.Nkrumah
         • Resulted in the creation of OAU promoting and consolidating unity and stability in Africa
           • Under J.Nyere, The OUA advanced in an extraordinary way in the unity of the continent