CONSONANTS

CONSONANTS

1. How speech sound are produced in the vocal tract.

2. PLACE OF ARTICULATION

   • Bilabial
     • Both lips
   • Labiodental
     • Upper teeth and lower lip
   • Interdental
     • Tongue in between upper and lower teeth.
   • Alveolar
     • Tongue at or near the ridge behind the upper front teeth
   • Palatal
     • Front hard palate
   • Velar
     • At velum
   • Glottal
     • Space between the vocal folds

3. MANNER OF ARTICULATION

   • Stop
     • Air released
   • Fricative
     • Bottleneck of airflow
   • Affricative
     • Secuence of stop plus fricative
   • Nasal
     • Air through the nasal cavity,
   • Liquid
     • Air pass on one or both sides of the tongue
   • Glide
     • Free airflow
   • Tap
     • Rapid flick of the tongue at the alvoelar ridge

4. VOICING

   • Vocal folds
     • Air pass through
       • Voiceless sound
     • Air through vibration
       • Voiced sound

5. Involve some constriction of airflow

6. Articulatory phonetics