Cervical & Thoracic Spine

Cervical & Thoracic Spine

1. Cervical

   • Basic Structure C3-C6
     • Have 2 transverse foreamen
     • A body
     • 2 Pedicles (curved sticky out bits)
     • Anterior & Posterior tubercles
       • Transverse Processes beneath
         • Superior Articular Facet
           • Lamina
             • Bifid Spinous Process
   • C1 & C2
     • Atlas (C1)
     • Axis (C2)
   • C7
     • Vertebra Prominens
   • Joints
     • Intervertebral
       • Ant. & Post. Long. Ligaments
     • Facet/ Zygapophyseal
       • Orientation, flex. & rotation
       • Prone to degenerative changes
   • Ligaments
     • Ligamentum Nuchae
       • Spine of C7 to external Occipital protuberance

2. Thoracic

   • Vertebrae
   • Thoracic Cage
     • 12 Thoracic vertebrae - 12 pairs ribs
     • Protects the heart & lungs
     • Egg shaped – inlet at the top, outlet at the bottom
     • Ribs pass forwards and down
       • Connects Thoracic spine to sternmum
       • Spaces between ribs filled with muscular, vascular and neural structures

3. Atypical Joints

   • Atlanto- Occipital
     • Synovial, ellipsoid
     • Sup. Facets of Atlas with Occipital Condyles of Occipital bone
     • Ant. & Post. Atlanto-Occipital membranes
   • Atlantoaxial
     • Lateral - articular surfaces of inferior Atlas & superior Axis
     • Medial - groove on anterior arch of Atlas with facet on anterior aspect of Dens
     • Transverse, Alar ligaments

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