Toxins 2

Toxins 2

1. Veterinary Poisons information Service

2. Lilies

   • Vomiting, depression, anorexia
     • Empty stomach, charcoal & wash pollen from fur. Aggressive fluid therapy for renal impairment
     • Favoable before renal impairment
   • 2-4 hour onset, 24-72 hours renal impairment

3. Chocolate Toxicosis

   • Theobromide
   • Caffiene
     • Methyxanthines
   • 150-160mg/ ounce in dark chocolate 64mg/ounce in milk chocolate
   • 20mg/kg Mild poisoning: Vomitting, diarrhoea, Polydipsia
   • 40-50mg/kg: hyperactivity, PU, ataxia
   • 60mg +: Seizures, coma, collapse, tremours, bradycardia, tachypnoea, tachycardia
   • Emesis within hour
     • Charcoal
     • anti-emetic
   • 6-12 hour onset

4. Warfarin

   • 1st generation anticoagulant
     • Multiple feedings
     • 5-7 days onset
     • interferes with coagulant protein synthesis
   • Epistaxis, haemothorax, Haemorrhage, dyspnoea, depression, lethargy, anorexia, anaemia
   • Empty stomach, monitor clotting time, subcut vitamin k1 therapy with small needle
     • Favorable with K1

5. Alkaloid poisoning (Ragwort)

   • Ascites, ataxia, anorexia, liver failure, icterus
   • Remove from source, high carb diet?
   • Guarded prognosis

6. Metaldehyde Poisoning (molluscicide)

   • Palatable neurotoxin
   • severe muscle tremours, anxiety & ataxia.
   • Gastric Lavage with sodium bicarbonate
     • Charcoal & diazepam reduce convulsions
   • 100ml/kg lethal dose

7. Grapes & raisons

   • unknown reason for toxicity
   • Oliguria, V+, D+ renal failure, lethargy
   • Emesis, charcoal, fluids
   • 6-24hours
   • favourable prognosis before renal failure

8. Acetaminophen poisoning (ibuprofen, paracetamol)

   • Icterus, brown M.M's, cyanosis, methemoglobinaemia, depression, tachycardia, gastric irritation, hepatoxicity
   • 4-12 hour onset,liver enzymes heightened within 24 hours
   • Decontamination, supportive care, monitor liver enzymes, oxygen therapy, charcoal

9. Daffodil Bulbs

   • V+, D+, Abdominal Tenderness, anorexia, hyperthermia, hypersalivation, lethargy & pale MM's
   • 15minutes-24 hour onset
   • Empty stomach, hydrate, anti-emetics.
   • Good Prognosis