FRACTURE IN THE ARM

FRACTURE IN THE ARM

1. ARM MUSCLES

   • Anterior Compartment
     • Biceps
       • long head
       • short head
     • coracobrachialis
     • Brachialis
   • Posterior Compartment
     • triceps

2. MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES

   • ABC
     • Airway
     • Breathing
     • Circulation
   • REDUCTION
     • To RESTORE a bone back to its normal position
     • An X-ray must be obtained prior to reduction
       • Closed reduction
         • Reverse the mechanism that caused the fracture
       • Open reduction (in the OR)
         • When closed reduction fails
   • IMMOBILIZE
   • COMPLICATIONS
     • Soft tissue management
     • Rehabilitation
     • Psychology

3. PHYSIOTHERAPY

   • EXERCISES AFTER WEARING A SLING
   • 3-6 weeks after injury
     • Shoulder pendular exercises
     • Active assisted Shoulder flexion
     • Active-assisted Abduction
     • Active assisted External rotation
   • 6 weeks after injury
     • Active Forward flexion
     • Active Abduction
     • Active External rotation

4. Fractures

   • A break or a crack of the bones under the skin.
   • types:
     • open fractures
     • displaced fracture
     • closed fracture
   • Signs and symptoms
     • Swelling
     • Unnatural movement
     • Difficulty moving
     • Asymmetric limbs
     • Loss of strength

5. OSSIFICATION

   • the process by which new bone is produced.
   • types
     • Intramembranous
       • Bones are formed from mesenchymal cells
     • Endochondral
       • New bones form from hyaline cartilage
   • Epiphyseal plates cartilage calcifies at adolescence

6. CLINICAL FEATURES OF FRACTURE

   • Symptoms
     • Severe pain
     • Loss of function
     • Numbness
   • Signs
     • Local edema
     • Bruising
     • Deformity
     • Warmth
     • Crepitus