Countries and migration

Countries and migration

1. 1. Countries of origin, transit and destination

   • In migration, there is an important classification of countries: countries of Origin, are the places where it was born and places where migration begins, transit countries, are the intermediate places on the road between the country of origin and the country of destination, that is, where they temporarily focus to follow their migration. Countries of origin present intense departure of people. It is known that 48 countries with a 1,5 million population show an average of 18,4% of emigrants. On the other hand, destination countries display more development than the origin countries. The most frequent migration roads are within regions.

2. 2. The case of Ecuador

   • In 2007, Ecuador became a country of origin, a country of transit, as a destination country. In 2017, about 1 608 000 foreigners entered Ecuador, making Ecuador more successful, in economic and tourism partners. Approximately 400,000 people from other countries, mainly from Colombia, Peru and Venezuela live in Ecuador.

3. 3. Migration policies

   • The States have two areas of responsibilities: first, on the fulfillment of the rights of the people who live in the country, which also extends to the international sphere; the second has to do with state security. But states exist to guarantee the human rights. This has been established in all the constitutions of the world, but it is not fulfilled. In this globalized era, the criterion of selectivity prevails. Governments, especially in developed countries, set requirements that facilitate entry for some people and severely restrict others.

4. 4. Human rights and migration

   • Human rights are principles and norms that seek to respect the dignity of people and protect them from abuses of power. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is law for all countries, there are several articles related to mobility. The Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families contains a group of rights regardless of immigration status, that is, whether the person is in a regular or irregular situation. Since States have the duty to respect, promote and guarantee human rights, their responsibility is to guarantee that the decision is not forced and that if they migrate, they do so in dignified conditions.

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