ACARINA

ACARINA

1. Ticks

   • Ixodoidea
     • ARGASIDAE or SOFT TICKS
       • charac: Scutum X, Sexual Dimorphism X, Mouth parts: Ventral and subterminal, Palpi: leg like, Festoons: None Feeding:Moderate Egg laying habit: Small batches Lifespan:>5yrs Lacerate capillaries by chelicirae
         • Argas
           • Argas persicus
             • Fowl tick
               • Fowl spirochaetosis-Borrelia anserina, Rickettsial piroplasmosis-Aegyptianella pullorum
           • A. reflexus
             • Leathery appearance with buttons and plates, NOCTURNAL FEEDERS
               • Tick paralysis in DUCKS
         • Otobius megnini
           • Spinose ear tick
             • C/S: waxy and oily ears
         • Ornithodorus
           • Sandy tampans
             • O. moubata
             • O. savignyi
             • O. turicata
               • w/ CRYSTALLINE CUTICULAR MASS, Larvae X hatch until it molts into nymph
                 • Vector of Q fever in man, tick paralysis and anaplasmosis
     • IXODIDAE or HARD TICKS
       • Charac: Scutum: small in female large in Male, Sexual dimorphism: Distinct, Mouthparts: anterior, Palpi:Rigid Festoons: Present, Feeding habit: Large One meal Egg laying habit: One large batch Life span: <1yr
         • Classification according to host
           • One host tick
             • Boophilus
               • B. microplus. B. annulatus, B. decoloratus
             • Dermacentor nitens
           • 2-host tick
             • Rhipicephalus
               • R. bursa, R. evertsi
             • Hyalomma
           • 3-host tick
             • Rhipicephalus
               • R. sanguineus, R. appendiculatus
             • Ixodes ricinus
             • Dermacentor EXCEPT D.nitens
             • Haemaphysalis
             • Amblyomma americanum
         • Ornate ticks
           • Dermacentor
             • w/ eyes, shorts palps and rectangular basis capituli
               • D. variabilis
                 • American dog tick
               • D. nitens
                 • tropical horse tick
               • D. albipictus
                 • Winter tick
               • D. occidentalis
                 • Moose tick
               • D. andersoni/ venustus
                 • ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK
               • D. reticulatus
           • Amblyomma
             • Large, eyes and festoons present, X ventral plate in male
               • A. hebreum
                 • bont tick
               • A. varigatum
                 • tropical bont tick
               • A. americanum
                 • lone star tick
                   • white spot on scutum of female
                     • transmits: heartwater, Qfever, Tularemia
               • A. maculatum
                 • Gulf coat tick
                   • ears of cattle
                     • Screwworm myiasis by Cochliomyia
               • A. cajjenense
                 • Painful bites
         • Inornate ticks
           • Boophilus
             • B. annulatus
               • north american cattle tick
                 • transmits: Texas fever
             • B. decoloratus
               • blue tick
             • B. microplus
             • eyes present and festoons absent, plaps and hypostome short, males have Ventral shields
           • Haemaphysilis
             • festoons present eyes absent, male hase no ventral shields, Short sensory palps with second segment
               • H. leachi leachi
                 • yellow dog tick
                   • Babesia canis, Ricketssia conori, Coxiella burnetti
               • H. punctata
                 • Tick paralysis
           • Rhipicepalus
             • eyes and festoons present, Palps and hypostome short, male have shields
               • R. appendiculatus
                 • Hepatozoon canis and tick bite fever
               • R. evertsi
                 • Red legged tick
                   • Transmits east coast fever and T. parva
               • R. sanguineus
                 • brown dog tick or kennel tick
                   • tick paralysis
           • Hyalomma
             • with banded legs, eyes are present and festoons sometime present, Palps are long
               • H. truncatum
                 • tick toxicosis or Sweating sickness in cattle and pigs
                 • Larvae host: small animals and birds Adult host: equine and ruminant
           • Ixodes
             • no festoons and eyes, palps are long, ventral surface covered with plates
               • I. hexagonus
                 • humped tarsi spur on first coxa doesnt overlap
                   • hedgehog tick ferrets and weasels
               • I. rubicundus
                 • Paralysis tick of southern africa
               • I. scapularis
                 • Black-legged tick
               • I. canisuga
                 • presence of humped tarsi, Absence of spur
                   • british dog tick
               • I. holocyclus
                 • Paralysis tick of australia
               • I. ricinus
                 • Tarsi are tapered and not humped, first coxa with spur, Life cycle: 3yrs
                   • Castor bean tick
                     • "questing" behavior. tick paralysis in cattle
                       • Larvae and nymph: Pepper ticks
                         • Transmits: Babesia divergens, louping ill, tick pyemia, lyme disease
                           • site: Face, ears, axilla and inguinal region

2. Mites

   • Mesostigmata
     • Dermanyssidae
       • Dermanyssus gallinae
         • large mite, long legs and spider like
           • Red mite of poultry
             • trans:spirochetosis, st. Louis ecephalitis, EEE
       • Ornithonosus sylvarium
         • northern fowl mite
           • trans: fowl pox EEE, St. loius, EEE
       • Allodermanosus
         • house mouse mite
           • Rickettsial pox