Counseling Models

Counseling Models

1. Trait and Factor/Person Environment fit

   • • Involves cognitive and affective processes, clinical and qualitive data and the counselor and client work together. • 7 stages: Intake interview (gather info, establish relationship, get clarity and see counseling style) 2. ID Developmental Variables (environment, gender, minority) 3. Assessment ( Ability, Values, reinforcers, interest) 4. ID and solve problems 5. Analyze 6. Talk about results and make decision 7. Follow-up. • Person-environment fit (PEF) has an analysis to assist with finding skills. • PEF has a career choice for work adjustment each step takes into account ability, values and satisfaction.

2. Developmental Model

   • • Five stages: Intake- Special for individual, uncover barriers for career choices ID work experience. 2. Career Development Assessment and Counseling ( CDAC )- Career status and resources, life structure, interest, value and abilities 3. Data Integration and Narrative Interpretation- explanation of the data collected 4. Establish Counseling Goals- what do you want out of work 5. Counseling Procedures and Process- Focuses on development tasks and counselor can coach or mentor. (Zunker,2016)

3. Learning Theory Model

   • • LTCC- is the most comprehensive approach * Seven Stages: Stage 1. Interview- create client and counselor collaboration, commit to counseling, use positive feedback, look into issues in clients personal and professional life, create goals. Stage 2. Assessment- use tools to assess client Stage 3. Generate Activities- Put some tasks into action create activities to complete. Stage 4. Collect Information, Stage 5. Share Information and Estimate Consequences- Go over what went well and also what didn’t go well, develop strategies, Stage 6. Reevaluate, Decide Tentatively, or Recycle- Repeat steps if needed, talk about what went well, Stage 7. Job Search Strategies- Get ready for the job, what is needed for interview, during work day and other skills you may need. (Zunker,2016)

4. Cognitive Information-Processing

   • •CIP – Has a hierarchical system based off Knowledge, decision skills and Executive Processing. •Extension of Development Theory • Has a 7-step sequence: Initial Interview: Get info about the client and the clients career issues and wants. Preliminary Assessment- Used to determine the clients reediness to make career decisions and is administered to client to see what is expressed as difficult, what the client needs and their thinking process. Define Problem and Analyze Causes- Figure out what the issues is and figure out what is causing it. Formulate Goals- create goals to meet, Develop an Individual Learning Plan- collaborate with client and create a plan, the plan should have goals that the client can achieve. Execute Learning Plan- Put the plan into action, work on the goals in the plan discuss positive and negative results. Summative Review and Generalization- Determine if there has been any progress, see if client has used steps to problem solve the career issues. (Zunker,2016)

5. Multicultural model for ethnic women

   • •Minority focused and includes multicultural needs Developed by Bingham and Ward • Seven Key steps: 1. Establish Rapport and Culturally Appropriate Relationships- Stage to develop trust and communication. You will both be collaborating and need to be able to discuss cultural aspects of the work you will be doing. Step 2. Identify Career Issues- Observe and identify what unique aspects about the client’s culture that may cause them issues when finding a career. Step 3. Assess Impact of Cultural Variables- How does a client’s culture impact the career that the client is looking for. The client could have a different outlook on the working roles in their culture or want to make a change. Step 4. Set Counseling Goals- Work together to set counseling goals that will work for the client and their culture. Step 5. Make Culturally Appropriate Counseling Interventions- Create interventions that work well for the client and their culture. Look to see if any accommodations need to be made.
     • Step 6. Make Decision- Client and counselor need to work together to make decision on what will work well for the client. If the client finds that a goal has become to difficult they may need to go back and make adjustments. Step 7. Implement and Follow-Up- Check back in on the goals that have been set. Ask the client for feedback about how things are progressing. (Zunker,2016)

6. Zunker, V. G. (2016). Career counseling: a holistic approach (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.