Understanding Children’s Development

Understanding Children’s Development

1. 4 to 5 years

   • Physical and motor development
     • Fine motor development is improving
     • Potty training is completed
     • Children can develop stopping and turning bodies in a better way
   • Cognitive development
     • Children can understand some meanings from memories and talk about people and things from them.
   • Social and emotional development
     • Children can handle their behavior depends on the situation
     • Children can control their true feelings
   • Communication and language development
     • Children make up sentences of four or five words
     • Children can tell some parts form stories
     • Children make others understand what they are saying in conversations

2. 5 to 7 years

   • Physical and motor development
     • Children develop balance on one foot.
     • Writing skills are improving
     • The brain size is almost the size of adults.
   • Cognitive development
     • Children learn how to solves problems however they can’t explain the process
     • They understand past, present and future
   • Social and emotional development
     • Children begins to develop high standards to improve self-esteem
     • Children can express empathy and understand friendships
   • Communication and language development
     • Children make up sentences involving more words and many thoughts.
     • Children can answer and keep a conversation

3. 7 to 8 years

   • Physical and motor development
     • Strength, balance and organizing skills games and sports are developing and improving.
   • Cognitive development
     • Children can solve problems and explain the strategies
     • Thinking is more abstract and complex
   • Communication and language development
     • Children learn words with different meanings.
     • Children understand more language rules.
   • Social and emotional development
     • Children are awarded of their feelings in the same situation

4. 2 to 3 years

   • Physical and motor development
     • Children develop some physical abilities such as run and jump
     • Children start to identify the dominant hand that is used for drawing, throwing, pointing
     • Children start to eat by themselves
   • Cognitive development
     • Children focus their attention on just one thing
     • Children can remember colors, shapes, the alphabet and how to count and body parts.
   • Social and emotional development
     • Children learn and understand some rules and expectations for behavior.
     • Children start to experiment the emotional aspect: they can regulate they own emotions, they develop complex emotions (pride, shame or guilt
   • Communication and language development
     • Actions and object are used in sentences
     • Children start to ask why about everything
     • Children learn different words for describing the same thing

5. Birth

   • Physical and motor development
     • When individuals born there's notable sensitivity to pain.
     • The 5 senses are being developed.
     • There's a rapid brain growth.
   • Cognitive development
     • Senses and motor skills are predominant.
     • Babies stop looking for things that are out of their visual radio.
     • To figure out most of things, babies depend on adults.
   • Social and emotional development
     • Crying is the way in which infants express themselves.
     • Interactions (to be met) are fundamental for infants.
     • They've already created a relationship with their parents.
   • Communication and language development
     • Babies do recognize familiar voices.
     • Facial expressions are quite funny for them.
     • To express anger, pain, discomfort and fatigue, they tend to cry.

6. 6 months

   • Physical and motor development
     • Vision improvement by 20/20.
     • Rapid growth in size.
     • The ability for babies to see color increases.
   • Cognitive development
     • Babies can cause certain things to happen based on their actions.
     • The environment and activities become more interesting for them to do repeteadly.
     • Moving objects are interesting for them.
   • Social and emotional development
     • Smile and laughing are sign of happiness for them.
     • Facial expressions are very interesting for them.
     • They start reacting to sounds by performing movements or "dancing"
   • Communication and language development
     • They start recognizing their names by the sound of it plus many other sounds around them.
     • The imitation of speech begins.
     • They start vocalizing too.

7. 1 to 2 years

   • Physical and motor development
     • Children are able to do things on their own
     • Children develop their brains
   • Cognitive development
     • Children want to explore new things
     • They learn by watching and doing actions
   • Social and emotional development
     • The family is too important in accompanying infants
   • Communication and language development
     • Children say their first words as well as understand many more (simple) words.

8. 6 months to 1 year

   • Physical and motor development
     • Physical changes begin (growth of teeth and increase in size and weight).
     • Begin to move on their own (crawling).
   • Cognitive development
     • Babies improve their motor skills
     • They begin to understand simple actions and instructions
   • Social and emotional development
     • Babies understand body language.
     • Babies enjoy simple games and conversations.
   • Communication and language development
     • Infants begin to imitate words
     • Infants begin to understand certain words and their meanings

9. University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating

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