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1. Types of parasite

   • obligative: only develop on live hosts
   • facultative: carrion and live
   • accidental: uncommon, accidental ingestion of eggs/larvae

2. Major fly families

   • Oestridae: obligate, no adult feeding, warble/bot flies, nasal/dermal infections
   • Calliphoridae: obligate/facultative, feed as adults, blow flies, cutaneous infestation
   • Gasterophilinae: digestive tract infections, e.g. Rhino bot fly, Asian elephant stomach bot fly
   • Cuterebrinae: dermal tissues, eggs in lagomorph burrow entrances e.g. Human bot fly, huge range of hosts
   • Sarcophagidae: obligative/facultative, feed as adults, flesh flies, cutaneous infestation, e.g. W. magnifica (sheep wounds/orifices)

3. diagnoses

   • 1. Control/eradicate fly population: SIT (screw-worm), insecticides
   • 2. Avoid infestation: prophylaxis (doramectin, cypermethrin), vaccines (not that effective, H. bovis and L. cuprina target)
   • 3. Treatment: remove larvae (manual, insecticide, debridement), antibiotics, send off larvae for ID