Research Design

Research Design

1. Types of Research Design

   • Exploratory or Formulative Research
     • This is the primary stage of research and its objective is to formulate a problem to be investigated in order to obtain accurate information to develop a hypothesis.
       • Steps of Exploratory Research
         • The survey experience
           • Modalities of the experience survey
             • * The best hypothesis: The survey can be used to formulate better hypotheses
             • * Possibility of behavior: Introduces the different study of the possibility of behavior.
             • * Knowledge of the facilities: Knowledge can be found.
             • * Control factor: Controlled and uncontrolled knowledge can be found.
             • * Knowledge of the people who help: With this factor we find the type of knowledge that is related to agencies and other person that is useful for the study. related to agencies and another person that is useful for the study.
         • Case Study
           • Cases that stimulate perception should be selected for special study. for special study. For certain problems, some cases may be more appropriate than others.
           • The objective of the case study is to know precisely the factors and causes that fill in the complete behavioral patterns of the unit and the place of the unit in its social environment.
           • The case study technique usually studies the subject matter qualitatively and object of study qualitatively and covers all aspects of a single entity. Although the results of qualitative research may give some indication as to "why", "how" and "when" something occurs, it does not give any indication as to "why", "how and "when" something occurs, it cannot tell us "how often" or "how many".
   • Descriptive Research or Statistical Research
     • Also known as statistical research, it is used to identify and obtain information about the characteristics of a specific subject, such as the community, group or individuals, and also answers the questions What, who, where, how and when. It is used to study the current situation (socio-economic surveys, job analysis, etc.).
       • Steps of Descriptive Research
         • * The clear discrimination of objective of research: The first step is to select the main objective of the research is necessary because without the main objective and purpose could not be concluded.
         • * Determination of the method of data collection It is necessary to collect the data that the researcher wants, he should select the method such as observation, questionnaire, interview, etc. of his research.
         • * Selection of the sampling Some people are selected who are known as sampling selection.
         • * Actual data collection The researcher must have in its field of actual research, and is collected in a selected step at the time of data collection reality is necessary for the research.
         • * Analysis of the conclusion obtained A conclusion is made according to the data obtained, coding, tabulation and graphical representation is used.
   • Explanatory Research
     • The research is mainly concerned with causes or „why‟ factor about some phenomenon. It does not involve comparison and factors of change
       • The research purpose in this case is to gain familiarity in unknown areas. Often explanatory research design is used to formulate a problem for specific investigations, or aim at formulating research Design thus, often when the universe of study is an unidentified community, this design forms the first step of research, after which other types of research designs can be used
         • an explanatory study thus focuses on determining the „why‟ aspect of correlationship
           • Explanatory research also, many kinds of designs could be appropriate, e.g. two-cell, four-cell design, marching design. The explanatory study always carries with it a set of concept that guide the researcher to look for the facts.
   • Experimental Research or Analytical Research
     • The Research design that is used to test a Research Design of causal relationship under controlled situation is called experimental design. We should remember that an experiment is an observation under controlled conditions
       • Types of experimental research
         • After-only experimental design
           • the experimental group and the control group are similar the uncontrolled extreme factors may affect both the group causal.
         • Before – after experimental design.
           • the dependent variable, i.e. effect is measured both a before and after the exposure of group, groups to experiment. This experiment may use one group or several groups. There may be one control group or more than one control group
         • Ex-post facto design
           • researcher depend on historical background because sometimes it is not possible to divide the population into two clear and similar groups this may be the case where the entire society consisting of different varieties of people and conditions are involved.
         • Panel study
           • h design is panel study. It is a method of study of aparticular subject over time by using different kinds of data. In this, the researcher may secure direct evidence of time relationship among variables.

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