Types of Rock

Types of Rock

1. Igneous

   • formed from cooling magma (4)
   • Granite makes up a large part of all continents (3)
     • Basalt is the most common type of Igneous rock (3)
   • Two Types (4)
     • Volcanic
       • formed on the surface (4)
         • Examples are obsidian and volcanic glass (4)
     • Plutonic
       • formed underground (4)
         • Example granite (4)
   • Makes up 95% of the Earths crust (4)
     • Makes up 25% of the earths surface (4)
   • Identifying igneous rocks (4)
     • Based on interlocking crystals (4)

2. Sedimentary

   • Three groups based on sediment type (2)
     • Lithification of once living organic matter (2)
       • Limestone is from coral reef (2)
       • Non-clastic (2)
       • marine organisms (2)
       • Shells (2)
       • marine skeleton (2)
     • Non-Clastic chemical precipitation (2)
       • crystallization (2)
       • Precipitation type (2)
         • sodium (2)
         • Calcium (2)
         • Silica (2)
         • Iron (2)
         • carbonate (2)
     • Clastic lithification of weathered rock (2)
       • Example conglomerate sandstone (2)
       • rounded shape (2)
       • classified based on particle type (2)
         • Gravel
         • Sand
         • silt
         • clay
     • Fossils often found in sedimentary rock (4)
   • Deposition of material at the Earth surface / bodies of water (4)
   • makes up 5% of the Earth's crust (4)
     • makes up 75 % of the Earth's surface (4)

3. Metamorphic

   • From igneous or sedimentary rock as a result of high temperature or pressure (4)
     • Low grade metamorphism (1)
       • Low Temperature or low pressure (1)
     • High grade metamorphism (1)
       • High temperature and high pressure (1)
   • Non Foliated (1)
     • Random arrangement
       • Most well known: Marble (1)
       • Large spherical shaped grains (1)
   • Foliated
     • directed pressure (1)
       • Slate (1)
         • Phyllite(1)
           • Schist (1)
             • Gneiss (1)
               • High grade (1)
         • Low grade (1)

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