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Hard Hearing

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Mapa Mental sobre Hard Hearing, creado por Amna Lootah el 13/11/2022.
Amna Lootah
Mapa Mental por Amna Lootah, actualizado hace más de 1 año Más Menos
Rahaf Ahmed
Creado por Rahaf Ahmed hace alrededor de 3 años
Amna Lootah
Copiado por Amna Lootah hace alrededor de 3 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Hard Hearing
  1. Hearing mechanism
    1. Cochlea
      1. Scala vestibuli
        1. Scala media
          1. Tectorial membrane
            1. Basilar membrane
              1. organ of Corti
                1. hair cells
                  1. excited by basilar membrane vibration
                    1. binding of short and long cilia
                      1. influx of cations from scala media
                        1. hair cell membrane depolarization
                          1. cochlea stimulated
                            1. signal carried to primary auditory area in cortex
                              1. hearing loss
                                1. Trauma
                                  1. Earwax buildup
                                    1. Loud sounds
                  2. Scala tympani
                  3. sound waves conducted to tympanic membrane
                    1. vibration of ossciles
                      1. fluid moves in scala media
                  4. Infections
                    1. Otitis externa
                      1. Acute, subacute, chronic
                        1. Necrotizing
                          1. extends to deeper tissue
                            1. immunocompromised adult patients
                              1. causes cellulitis, osteomyelitis
                            2. Otitis media
                              1. due to bacterial infection
                                1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
                                  1. Haemophilus influenzae
                                  2. Mastoiditis
                                    1. Labyrinthinitis
                                      1. Facial nerve palsy
                                    2. purulent discharge
                                    3. Otorrhea
                                      1. Trauma
                                        1. bloody discharge
                                          1. chronic infection
                                          2. clear, watery discharge
                                            1. CSF
                                            2. mucoid discharge
                                              1. perforated tympanic membrane
                                            3. Tumors
                                              1. Foreign body
                                              2. Tinnitus
                                                1. high-pitched ringing
                                                  1. pressure on CNVIII
                                                    1. Inner ear fluid increased pressure
                                                    2. Subjective
                                                      1. only audible to person with it
                                                      2. Objective
                                                        1. heard by examiner
                                                          1. from aneurysm
                                                        2. Aural polyps
                                                          1. benign growth in ear canal or middle ear
                                                            1. Foreign object, tumor, inflammation
                                                              1. otalgia, otorrhea, bleeding, hearing loss
                                                            2. Cholesteatoma
                                                              1. Congenital
                                                                1. embryological cell remnants in middle ear
                                                                2. Primary acquired
                                                                  1. tympanic membrane retraction
                                                                  2. Secondary acquired
                                                                    1. tympanic membrane injury
                                                                    2. painless otorrhea, progressive hearing loss
                                                                    3. Vertigo
                                                                      1. sensation of moving environment
                                                                        1. Peripheral: inner ear issue
                                                                          1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
                                                                            1. Meniere's disease
                                                                              1. Vestibular neuritis
                                                                              2. Central: brain issue
                                                                                1. Migraine, TBI, stroke
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