Basic tools of quality.

Basic tools of quality.

1. Stratification.

2. Histogram

3. Histogram

   • A histogram is a type of graph that has wide applications in statistics. Histograms provide a visual interpretation of numerical data by indicating the number of data points that lie within a range of values.

4. Data collection sheet

   • A data collection sheet can be used to collect and organise data. A data collection sheet has three columns. The first column contains the different possible data values.

5. Pareto Chart

   • A Pareto chart is a bar graph. The lengths of the bars represent frequency or cost (time or money), and are arranged with longest bars on the left and the shortest to the right. In this way the chart visually depicts which situations are more significant.

6. Shikawa Chart

   • A Cause and Effect Diagram (aka Ishikawa, Fishbone) is a picture diagram showing possible causes (process inputs) for a given effect (process outputs). In other words, it is a visual representation used to determine the cause (s) of a specific problem. The Cause and Effect diagram is called the “Ishikawa diagram” or fishbone diagram.

7. Controlchart

   • Control charts is a graph used in production control to determine whether quality and manufacturing processes are being controlled under stable conditions.

8. Scatter plot

   • a graph in which the values of two variables are plotted along two axes, the pattern of the resulting points revealing any correlation present.

9. Stratification

   • Stratification is a method to divide the data into categories or groups (homogeneous kind) and go for further analysis using descriptive, graphical representation or advanced level of statistics. It derives the meaningful information from the data and helps to understand the existing problem. For example, stratification can be done in equipment, materials, location wise, etc.