Chinese Civil War

Chinese Republic (Yuan Shikai)
1. Yuan Shikai opportunist
2. Only 5% of the chinese population voted in the election
3. Sun Yatsen's new People's National Party won the majority of seats
  Nota:
  - GMD=KMT Guomindang or Kuomingtang led by Song Jiaroren
  - Brought in western ideas, in order to modernise the country
  - 3 principals Nationalism Democracy Peoples livelihood
4. Yuan Shikai tries to become emporor
  Nota:
  - Assassinates Song Jioren March 1913
5. Second revolution July 1913, Fails Sun Yatsen flees
6. Yuan Shikai declares himself emperor
7. 5th June 1916, Yuan Dies
8. Signing of the 21 demands, gave control of a lot of factories, railways and ports and threatening war if refused
Chinese Republic (Warlord Era)
1. China begins to Fragment
  Nota:
  - Page 257 r&t textbook
2. Living under the warlords was very hard
  Nota:
  - 30 years of taxes in advance for their 'safety and protection' Rape and pillage war common Harsh punishments
3. May 4th movement
  Nota:
  - Links to the foreign intervention problems, includes a lot of the young population of china.
4. Chinese communist party formed 1921
5. Reformation of the GMD in 1920. 3 principles of 1924
  Nota:
  - National freedom Democratic government The peoples livelihood
6. Sun Yatsen allowed CCP members to join the GMD
  1. Russian government sent agents to help improve the GMD army
  2. Sun Yatsen dies 1925 succeeded by Chiang Kaishek
    Nota:
    - Jiang Jieshi
    - Chiang felt threatened by the ever increasing popularity of the CCP
  3. Success of the northern expedition means the removal of the common enemy
  4. 1924 CCP had 1000 members April 1927 had 58000
Western Influence
1. European industrial revolution
2. Rise of Japan
  Nota:
  - After the defeat of Russia, Japan had become a powerhouse
  - Humiliating 21 demands given to Yuan which is agreed to because they need the help of Japan
3. World War One
  Nota:
  - Treaty of Versailles didnt give them the land that they expected
  1. Paris peace conferences, 140000 chinese labourers worked in Labour Battalions for the armies in France, Turkey and Africa
4. Opposition to Foreign Influence
5. Communism in Russia due to the 1917 Russian revolution
  Nota:
  - 1918 Beijing University set up the 'Society for the study of Maxism'
  1. Sun Yatsen turns to USSR for external help
    Nota:
    - Run with strict obedience and discipline to party decisions. Had to join forces with CCP
Triggers
1. April 12 1927 Shanghai massacre
  Nota:
  - Chiang sent his army into Shanghai and found and killed as many communists as he could
  1. Oct 1928 Chiang became the Chairman of the National Government of China

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