Developmental perspective on CL

Developmental perspective on CL

1. to understand human thought and behaviour it's necessary to understand it's origin and history within the life course of the individual

   • influenced by
     • immediate context
       • family, caregivers etc.
     • cultural context/ larger setting
     • social + physical environment
   • characteristics of the child must be considered

2. social learning

   • bruner, gauvin, tomasello, rogoff
   • cl begins within a system og cultural and social learning
     • when 2 ind. share a focus on some aspect of the external world
       • develop IS
         • Intersubjectivity
       • shared activities vary over life course
         • Tomasello
           • imitation is the earliest form of learning
             • 2nd form of learning is instruction
               • involves a learner and someone taking on the role as teacher
                 • roles are specified and activity intentional but not balanced in power
               • 3rd form: cl
                 • involves joint activity that is balanced

3. 3 worldviews

   • The empiricists/ traditional learning theory
     • epistemological roots in British empricism
       • Locke
       • Hume
   • Thre ralitonalists/ constructivists
     • follows from teh work of kant and his transcendental philosophy
       • pre-existing concepts
         • a priori knowledge
           • Early researchers
             • focused upon te underlying organisation of children's learning which were referred to as structures/ schemes
               • children equipped with schemes from birth
               • task: to document and explain changes in schemes/ structures over time
             • Piaget
               • used the model of evolutionary biology
                 • Developed an elaborate theory to account for the full range of competencies that children developed
                 • Role of social interaction
                   • decentering thinking
                     • an lead the child to reexamine personal held beliefs and ideas
                       • his students examined this further
                         • It has been argued that interactions between peers are an especially potent source of disequilibration and ultimatively cognitive change
   • Socio-historic/ social constructivist approach
     • Sociohistoric interpretation of hegel's epistemology
       • Work of Vygotsky best known within this tradition in psych and ed
         • his theory posits that thinking must be studied within the context of both its biological and cultural evolution
           • knowledge begins in the external dyadic interaction and onlu gradually becomes internalized as thought
             • Rogoff
               • with adult guidance children appropriate the knowledge of the communty
                 • move gradually to roles of increased independence and responsibility
                   • the ind. moves from periphery to center
         • Humans have developed language tools to transmit dicoveries from one generation to the next
           • through cultural institutions such as schools
             • e acquisition of language is very important

4. problem solving

   • the identification od an action goal and the delineation of steps or means to reach the goal
     • gauvain 2011, p 139
   • 2 types
     • adult ( often parent) ps
       • a variety of behaviour used by adults
         • instructing
         • caffolding
           • constantly shifting to match the situation
             • ev disappears
               • as the child masters the task
           • ood, bruner and ross -Experiment with puzzles
             • mothers adjusted their assistance to the child
         • uided part.
     • peer proble,m solving
       • cognitive supports needed to engage in pps begin in infancy+ early childhood
         • language, play, awareness of other minds "theory of mind"
   • shared intentional action
     • shared int action/ joint problem solving  is at the core of the socialization proces

5. Future Directions

   • xplanations
   • hildren's understanding of teaching
   • negotiation strategies