Work Design

Work Design

1. Efficiency perspective

   • Creating Jobs that save time, power, energy , people
   • Industrial Engineering
     • It can lead to over simplification of the jobs, which can casue dissatisfication and health hazard if it carried to an extreme
     • Method Engineering
       • Improved method used to perform work  by incorporate 2 related endeavors 
       • Process engneering
         • Assess the sequence of tasks needed to performa the job and try to enhance Asses what roles human should play in the process Also detemine if some employee should act as a managers or notAlso rules to be followed by employees
       • (Ergonomics) Human factor engineering
         • Design machines to match human capablites
     • Work Measurement
       • track time and action needed to complete the job
       • Micromotion analysins
         • Analyize hand and body movement Videotape person while doinf the job and try to enhance by trying to use both handds, keep all work inside the work area, elimante undded move,etc..
       • Stop watch time analysis
         • Average time needed to do the job

2. Motivation perspective

   • Horizontal job enlargement
     • Increasing Number of tasks Increasing job range Job extenision job rotation can help reduce routine  failed to improve workers motivation
   • Vertical job enlargement
     • Increase job depth Failed to add motovation
     • Motivator factors
       • Recognition, achievement  increased satisfaction 
     • Hygiene factors
       • policy , employee relation are related to dis satisfaction 
   • Comprehensive job enrichement
     • Hackman-oldham model Combined both vertical and horizontal context can imapct all of the motivator context  like pay or job security Implememted bu JDS Nautral unit of work , combine several units
     • Skill variety
     • Task Identity
     • Task Significant
     • Autonomy
     • Feedback
     • Experience meaningful of work
       • skill,task identity and task signficant
     • Experience responsability of work
       • Autonomy
     • Knowledge of results
       • feedback
   • Sociotechnical Enrichments
     • Group Work

3. Qulaity perspective

   • represent hyper between motivation and efficiency 
   • Quality Circle
     • Small group of employee from 3 to 30 who meet on company time to resolve job related issues
   • Self managing team
     • step ahead from quality circle (permanent basis team)
   • Automation and robot
   • Process management
     • Approch to map , improve and standarize compnay process in order to reduce variance in the output