Malay Music

Malay Music

1. Joget

   • Portuguese Influence
   • Melody with Accompaniment
     • Simple drumming acompaniment
   • No Taksim/Kopak
   • Compound/Simple
   • Couple Dance
     • Fairly quick tempo with feeling of the partners teasing and playing with each other
   • Cultural festivals, weddings etc.
   • Instrumental
     • Melodic
       • Biola
       • Accordion
         • Embellishment
     • Metrical Structure
       • Rebana
       • Tambourine
       • Gong
   • Harmony
     • Major/minor
     • Arabic mode at Coda
       • Faster in tempo
   • Structure
     • Pantun Structure (4 lines)
     • 4 beat phrase stucture
       • Refrain
         • Coda : Fast
     • Syncopation
     • Heterophony

2. Zapin

   • Arabic Influence
     • Arabic modes
   • Simple Time
   • Secular Entertainment & Religious Celebrations
     • Weddings, Hari Raya Puasa and Haji
   • Subtleties of controlled movements & suppression of outward movement
   • Instrumentation
     • Melodic
       • Gambus
         • Short-necked lute, 12 nylon strings, Plucked with plastic plectrum
         • Vibrato, Pitch-sliding, Tremolo
       • Biola
         • Horizontal fiddle with 4 strings, Bowed
       • Accordion
         • Reed organ, played by compressing or expanding the bellows while pressing the keys which allow air to flow across strips of brass/steel that vibrate to produce sound inside body
         • Embellishment
     • Metrical Structure
       • Rebana
         • Single-handed frame drum made of wood with goat's hide stretched across the frame of the drum
       • Marwas
         • Small double-sided hand drum
       • Dok
         • Cone-shaped drum with one head
       • Tambourine
       • Gong
   • Taksim
     • Salutation
       • Dance motifs
         • Wainab
         • Jumping & squatting
       • Single file
     • Melodic Phrases
       • Tahtim
         • Melodic phrases with Kopak
       • Endings marked with kopak
         • Kopak
           • C = (2a+ 2b + c) x 3
             • a = high, b = low, c = Marwas refrain withKopak
             • Marwas refrain (repeat)
               • Rebana, Dok, Marwas
           • Interlocking drum pattern
     • Improvised gambus solo
   • Heteropony