Architecture and Emerging Technologies

Architecture and Emerging Technologies

1. generation

   • 1G
     • 1st generation
       • initial 1980's
     • It has a data rate up to 2.4kbps
     • Major subscribers were Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Total Access Communication System (TACS).
     • disadvantages
       • par capacity
       • reckless handoff
       • inferior voice associations
       • with no security
   • 2G
     • 2nd generation
       • late 1990’s
     • used in mobile telephones
     • Global Systems for Mobile communications (GSM)
     • chiefly used for
       • voice communication
     • its main features
       • data rate up to 64kbps
       • 2G mobile handset battery lasts longer
       • Short Message Service (SMS)
       • e-mail
   • 2.5g
     • 2nd generation cellular system
     • General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)
       • other amenities doesn’t commonly endow in 2G or 1G networks.
     • its main features
       • packet switching
       • circuit switching
       • data rate up to 144kbps
   • 3G
     • 3rd generation
       • late 2000
     • transmission rate up to 2Mbps.
     • services based on Internet Protocol (IP)
     • disadvantage
       • require more power
       • plans are more expensive
         • Wideband
   • 3.75G
     • Long-Term Evolution technology (LTE)
     • Fixed Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (FIXED WIMAX)
     • mobile data services
     • provides a substantial number of users the facility to access a broad range of high speed services
     • improved performance for less cost
   • 4G
     • 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
     • Long Term Evolution (LTE)
     • Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX)
     • improve the communication
     • based on IP
     • services
       • voice
       • data
       • multimedia
       • Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB)
       • video chat
   • 5G
     • Beam Division Multiple Access (BDMA)
     • higher capacity
     • higher data rate
     • lower End to End latency
     • massive device connectivity
     • reduced cost
     • consistent Quality of Experience

2. evolution

   • wireless
     • device
       • satellite communication
       • television
       • radio transmission has advanced
       • mobile telephone
     • in terms
       • data rate
       • coverage
       • mobility
       • spectral efficiency
   • technology
     • circuit switching
       • 1G-2G-2.5G-3G-3.5G-5G
     • packet switching
       • 2.5G-3G-3.5G-5G
     • licensed spectrum
       • use
         • WIFI
         • Bluetooth
         • WiMAX
       • 3.5G-5G
     • unlicensed spectrum
       • 3.5G-5G