Urinary Tract Infections

Descripción

Mapa Mental sobre Urinary Tract Infections, creado por Zulhilmi Zainal el 27/03/2014.
Zulhilmi Zainal
Mapa Mental por Zulhilmi Zainal, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Zulhilmi Zainal
Creado por Zulhilmi Zainal hace alrededor de 10 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Urinary Tract Infections
  1. women
    1. bacteria ascend the urethra to the bladder
      1. Escherichia coli
        1. commonest
        2. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
          1. younger women
          2. types
            1. Complicated
              1. urinary instrumentation, anatomic abnormalities, and obstruction of urine flow
              2. Uncomplicated
                1. young women
                  1. Sexual activity
                2. Upper Tract Disease
                  1. pyelonephritis
                    1. Symptoms
                      1. Fever
                        1. Nausea, vomiting
                          1. Pain in the costovertebral areas
                            1. dysuria
                            2. therapy
                              1. intravenous antibiotics for 10-14 days
                                1. large amount of water
                                2. kidney parenchyma
                                  1. PATHOGENESIS
                                    1. hematogenous
                                      1. S. aureus, Salmonella species, P. aeruginosa, and Candida species
                                      2. ascending route
                                        1. E. coli, P. mirabilis ,K. pneumoniae
                                  2. lower Tract Disease
                                    1. Cystitis
                                      1. Dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency, bladder fullness/discomfort
                                        1. Most common UTI
                                          1. Bacterial
                                            1. Most common
                                              1. 1st e.coli, 2nd Staphylococcus saprophyticus
                                              2. Viral
                                                1. Adenoviruses
                                                  1. Severe bladder irritation , sometimes hemorrhagic
                                                  2. self limited
                                                  3. Fungal
                                                    1. immunocompromised
                                                      1. Candida and aspergillus
                                                        1. Amphotericin , ketoconazole
                                                    2. parasite
                                                      1. Urinary Schistosomiasis
                                                        1. schistosoma haematobium
                                                          1. haematuria and fibrosis
                                                            1. Praziquanetel
                                                        2. UTI in children
                                                          1. enuresis, fever, poor weight gain
                                                          2. Urethritis
                                                            1. sexual activity
                                                              1. Dysuria
                                                                1. purulent discharge
                                                                  1. gonococcal
                                                                  2. Treatment
                                                                    1. Ceftriaxone - Gonorrhea
                                                                  3. Acute urethral syndrome
                                                                    1. NOT caused by a urinary tract infection
                                                                      1. Symptoms are similar to those caused by a urinary tract infection
                                                                    2. ACUTE Prostatitis
                                                                      1. bacterial infection
                                                                        1. Men ages 20 - 35 who have multiple sexual partners
                                                                          1. medical emergency
                                                                        2. Asymptomatic bacteriuria
                                                                          1. significant number of bacteria in the urine that occurs without usual symptoms.
                                                                            1. WBC count in urine elevated
                                                                        3. others
                                                                          1. Perinephric abcess
                                                                            1. start in the bladder> kidney > area around the kidney.
                                                                              1. infection
                                                                                1. Stones
                                                                                  1. drain pus & IV antibiotics
                                                                                  2. Genitourinary Tuberculosis
                                                                                    1. Sterile pyuria
                                                                                    2. Renal TB
                                                                                      1. Formation of granulomas > caseation and tissue destruction.
                                                                                        1. Calcification and scarring
                                                                                        2. Tuberculous ureteritis
                                                                                          1. Results from renal tuberculosis
                                                                                            1. Scarring > obliteration of the ureter
                                                                                          2. Tuberculous cystitis
                                                                                            1. Fibrosis and fistulas
                                                                                              1. Gulf-hole orifice
                                                                                              2. UTI in Women
                                                                                                1. Short urethra
                                                                                                  1. Estrogen deficiency
                                                                                                    1. proximity to anus
                                                                                                    2. Bacterial Virulence Factors
                                                                                                      1. Flagella- enhanced motility
                                                                                                        1. hemolysin -> cell lysis
                                                                                                          1. fimbriae & adhesin -> adhere to cells
                                                                                                          2. treatment
                                                                                                            1. anti- pathogens
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