THE TWILIGHT YEARS

THE TWILIGHT YEARS

1. Aging Physiology

   • Urinary
     • Decreased control of urine sphincter
     • Low bladder capacity
     • Decresed nephrons
     • Decreased GFR
   • Reproductive
     • Male
       • Impotence & prostate enlargmnet
     • Female
       • Menopause
   • Respiratory
     • Less alveoli
       • Decrese mucle elasticity
         • Lower cilia effectivness
           • unequal distribution of air through the lungs
   • Cardiovascular
     • Loss of vessel elasticity
     • Loss in cardiac muscle mass & contractility
     • Weaker valves
   • Digestive
     • Gastric mucose atrophy & decresed PH
     • Presbyesophagus
     • Heart burn & constipation
     • Less saliva
   • Musculoskeletal
     • Osteothiritis
       • Osteopenia
         • Osteoprosis
           • Loss of muscle mass & strength
   • Nervous
     • Thinner cortex
       • Decreased brain mass
         • Less Neurotransmitters
           • Wider sulci & narrower Gyri
             • Impaired short-term memory
   • Appearance
     • Graying & thining of the hair
     • Wrinkles in the face & skin

2. Demography of Elderly in UAE

3. Bone Fractures

   • Types
     • Hip Fractures
     • Pelvic Fractures
     • Long-base fractures

4. Chronic Disease in Elderly

   • CHD
   • COPD
   • Fibromyalgia
   • Diabetes Mellitus
   • Rheumatoid Arthritis
   • Obesity
     • Rates
       • bio-impedance
         • BMI
         • skin fold thickness
           • waist circumferences & waist to hip ratio

5. Geropsychology

   • Psychosis
   • How to convince elderly people that they need help
   • Normal Psychological chnages in elderly
     • Erikson Stages
     • Cognitive Chnages
     • Social Changes
   • Stages of Psychological greif
     • Denial
       • Anger
         • Bargaining
           • Depression
             • Acceptance

6. Aging Process

   • Cross linking
     • Immunological Theory
       • Somatic DNA damage
         • Genetic coding

7. Cellular Adaptions

   • Cell Death
     • Apoptosis
     • Necrosis
   • Hyperplasia
   • Hyperatrophy

8. Elderly services

   • Functional assesment screening
     • Physical & social rehabilitation
       • Consultation Services
         • Home Care

9. Pharmacological Changes in Elderly

   • Comprimised body finctions & systems
   • Deacreased receptors sensitivity

10. Metabolism

    • Fed State
      • Glycogenolysis
        • Gluconeogenesis
          • Lipolysis Protein
            • Ketogenesis
    • Fasting State
      • Glycogenesis
        • Glycolysis
          • Lipogenesis
            • Protein Synthesis

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