Structural Geology

Structural Geology

1. Is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories.

2. Folds

   • The term fold is when one or atack of originally flat and planar surface
   • Fold terminology
     • Hingue (Axis)
     • Axial Plane
     • Crest (Apex)
     • Trough
     • Crest Surface
     • Trough Surface
     • Plunge
   • Types of Folds
     • Kink Fold
     • Box Fold
     • Recumbent Fold
     • Overturned Fold
     • Isoclinical Fold
     • Asymmetrical Fold
     • Symmetrical Fold
     • Syncline
     • Anticline
     • Homocline
     • Monocline
     • Open Fold
     • Closed Fold
     • Tight Fold
     • Non Cylindrical
     • Chevron Fold
     • Parallel Fold

3. Faults

   • Is a planar fracture in rock in which the rock on one side of the fracture has moved with respect to the rock on the other side
   • Fault Terminology
     • Fault throw
     • Fault heave
     • Fault Scrap
     • Fault Block
     • Fault trace
     • Fault zone
     • Fault plane
     • Branch line
     • Tip line
     • Hanging wall
     • Foot wall
   • Nature of the movement along fault
     • Transitional movement
     • Rotational movement
     • Relative movement
     • Slip
     • Dip Slip
     • Vertical Slip (Throw)
     • Heave
     • Strike Slip
     • Net Slip

4. Fault Classification

   • Geometrical Clasification
     • Geometrical classification based on rake of net slip
       • Dip slip fault
       • Strike slip fault
       • Diagonal slip fault (oblicue)
     • Geometrical classification based on Fault pattern
       • Enechlon
       • Ridial
       • Peripheral
       • Parallel
     • High angle fault
       • Dip>45
     • Low angle fault
       • Dip<45
   • Genetic Classification
     • Classification based on movement along fault
       • Reverse fault
       • Thrust fault
         • Dip<15
       • Normal fault
       • Strike slip fault
       • Sinstral strike slip
       • Dextral strike slip
     • Classification based on absolute movements
       • Normal fault classification
       • Thrust fault classification

5. Wrenching

   • Is strike slip fault & occur usually in basement
   • Theoretical Wrench movement
   • Effect of Wrench on Upper layers
     • Left lateral (Sinstral)
     • Right lateral (Dextral)
   • Divergent & Covergent Wrenching